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大麻是否能够成为药物?
2010-01-29来源:和谐英语
华盛顿州的莎琳．德基迪奥在20世纪60年代及之后的日子里从未吸过大麻，但一年前，由于药物已无法缓解她腿脚的疼痛，有个医生建议这位退休人士试一下大麻。
Charlene DeGidio never smoked marijuana in the 1960s, or afterward. But a year ago, after medications failed to relieve the pain in her legs and feet, a doctor suggested that the Adna, Wash., retiree try the drug.
69岁的德基迪奥买了含有大麻成份的糖果，结果确实起到了缓解神经性疼痛的作用，她说医生一直未能找到疼痛的病因。德基迪奥以前尝试过很多药物，包括加巴喷丁和利多卡因贴片，但都无功而返；现在，她每天晚上睡觉前都要吃几颗含有大麻的薄荷糖。她在冰箱里放了一整袋，并警告孙子孙女不许碰那东西。
Ms. DeGidio, 69 years old, bought candy with marijuana mixed in. It worked in easing her neuropathic pain, for which doctors haven't been able to pinpoint a cause, she says. Now, Ms. DeGidio, who had previously tried without success other drugs including Neurontin and lidocaine patches, nibbles marijuana-laced peppermint bars before sleep, and keeps a bag in her refrigerator that she's warned her grandchildren to avoid.
“我使用大麻不是为了过烟瘾或让自己爽一下，”退休前从事社会工作的德基迪奥说。她白天不采用这种方法，因为不想让自己整天昏昏沉沉，找不到北。“大麻是一种药物。”她说。
'It's not like you're out smoking pot for enjoyment or to get high,' says the former social worker, who won't take the drug during the day because she doesn't want to feel disoriented. 'It's a medicine.'
对许多像德基迪奥这样的病人来说，出于医疗目的而使用大麻正变得越来越容易。美国司法部表示，一般不会对那些根据医嘱在州法律允许范围内服用大麻的病人提出起诉。
For many patients like Ms. DeGidio, it's getting easier to access marijuana for medical use. The U.S. Department of Justice has said it will not generally prosecute ill people under doctors' care whose use of the drug complies with state rules.
虽然对病人服用大麻的法律限制有所放松，但大麻为何具有治疗功效仍让人困惑，主要是因为针对这方面的科学研究不多。美国医学协会最近的一份研究报告表明，出于各种原因对大麻进行的随机对照临床试验研究不到20个，涉及病人数量在300名左右，远远低于美国对药物上市前进行临床研究的要求。
As the legal landscape for patients clears somewhat, the medical one remains confusing, largely because of limited scientific studies. A recent American Medical Association review found fewer than 20 randomized, controlled clinical trials of smoked marijuana for all possible uses. These involved around 300 people in all-well short of the evidence typically required for a pharmaceutical to be marketed in the U.S.
医生表示，已做过的一些研究显示，大麻有助于缓解病人因某些神经性损伤引发的神经性疼痛，还能在诸如癌症患者接受化疗等治疗过程中促进病人食欲，缓解恶心症状。大麻在这些方面具有治疗作用的“证据正在日益增多”，加州大学圣迭戈分校大麻治疗研究中心主任艾格尔.格兰特说道。
Doctors say the studies that have been done suggest marijuana can benefit patients in the areas of managing neuropathic pain, which is caused by certain types of nerve injury, and in bolstering appetite and treating nausea, for instance in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. 'The evidence is mounting' for those uses, says Igor Grant, director of the Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research at the University of California, San Diego.
但在考虑将大麻作为治疗手段的其他病症方面，如癫痫，以及狼疮这类免疫系统疾病，大麻是否具有治疗效果还没有充足及确凿的研究成果。此外，大麻也有一些副作用，包括心跳加速和短期记忆丧失。至少有几个病例显示，大麻会令病人情绪焦躁，并导致幻觉等精神类问题。美国食品和药物管理局没有对大麻进行规范和管理，因此医用大麻类产品的品质和效果可能不尽相同。
But in a range of other conditions for which marijuana has been considered, such as epilepsy and immune diseases like lupus, there's scant and inconclusive research to show the drug's effectiveness. Marijuana also has been tied to side effects including a racing heart and short-term memory loss and, in at least a few cases, anxiety and psychotic experiences such as hallucinations. The Food and Drug Administration doesn't regulate marijuana, so the quality and potency of the product available in medical-marijuana dispensaries can vary.
Charlene DeGidio never smoked marijuana in the 1960s, or afterward. But a year ago, after medications failed to relieve the pain in her legs and feet, a doctor suggested that the Adna, Wash., retiree try the drug.
69岁的德基迪奥买了含有大麻成份的糖果，结果确实起到了缓解神经性疼痛的作用，她说医生一直未能找到疼痛的病因。德基迪奥以前尝试过很多药物，包括加巴喷丁和利多卡因贴片，但都无功而返；现在，她每天晚上睡觉前都要吃几颗含有大麻的薄荷糖。她在冰箱里放了一整袋，并警告孙子孙女不许碰那东西。
Ms. DeGidio, 69 years old, bought candy with marijuana mixed in. It worked in easing her neuropathic pain, for which doctors haven't been able to pinpoint a cause, she says. Now, Ms. DeGidio, who had previously tried without success other drugs including Neurontin and lidocaine patches, nibbles marijuana-laced peppermint bars before sleep, and keeps a bag in her refrigerator that she's warned her grandchildren to avoid.
“我使用大麻不是为了过烟瘾或让自己爽一下，”退休前从事社会工作的德基迪奥说。她白天不采用这种方法，因为不想让自己整天昏昏沉沉，找不到北。“大麻是一种药物。”她说。
'It's not like you're out smoking pot for enjoyment or to get high,' says the former social worker, who won't take the drug during the day because she doesn't want to feel disoriented. 'It's a medicine.'
对许多像德基迪奥这样的病人来说，出于医疗目的而使用大麻正变得越来越容易。美国司法部表示，一般不会对那些根据医嘱在州法律允许范围内服用大麻的病人提出起诉。
For many patients like Ms. DeGidio, it's getting easier to access marijuana for medical use. The U.S. Department of Justice has said it will not generally prosecute ill people under doctors' care whose use of the drug complies with state rules.
虽然对病人服用大麻的法律限制有所放松，但大麻为何具有治疗功效仍让人困惑，主要是因为针对这方面的科学研究不多。美国医学协会最近的一份研究报告表明，出于各种原因对大麻进行的随机对照临床试验研究不到20个，涉及病人数量在300名左右，远远低于美国对药物上市前进行临床研究的要求。
As the legal landscape for patients clears somewhat, the medical one remains confusing, largely because of limited scientific studies. A recent American Medical Association review found fewer than 20 randomized, controlled clinical trials of smoked marijuana for all possible uses. These involved around 300 people in all-well short of the evidence typically required for a pharmaceutical to be marketed in the U.S.
医生表示，已做过的一些研究显示，大麻有助于缓解病人因某些神经性损伤引发的神经性疼痛，还能在诸如癌症患者接受化疗等治疗过程中促进病人食欲，缓解恶心症状。大麻在这些方面具有治疗作用的“证据正在日益增多”，加州大学圣迭戈分校大麻治疗研究中心主任艾格尔.格兰特说道。
Doctors say the studies that have been done suggest marijuana can benefit patients in the areas of managing neuropathic pain, which is caused by certain types of nerve injury, and in bolstering appetite and treating nausea, for instance in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. 'The evidence is mounting' for those uses, says Igor Grant, director of the Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research at the University of California, San Diego.
但在考虑将大麻作为治疗手段的其他病症方面，如癫痫，以及狼疮这类免疫系统疾病，大麻是否具有治疗效果还没有充足及确凿的研究成果。此外，大麻也有一些副作用，包括心跳加速和短期记忆丧失。至少有几个病例显示，大麻会令病人情绪焦躁，并导致幻觉等精神类问题。美国食品和药物管理局没有对大麻进行规范和管理，因此医用大麻类产品的品质和效果可能不尽相同。
But in a range of other conditions for which marijuana has been considered, such as epilepsy and immune diseases like lupus, there's scant and inconclusive research to show the drug's effectiveness. Marijuana also has been tied to side effects including a racing heart and short-term memory loss and, in at least a few cases, anxiety and psychotic experiences such as hallucinations. The Food and Drug Administration doesn't regulate marijuana, so the quality and potency of the product available in medical-marijuana dispensaries can vary.
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