怎样面对工作上的压力

While working on his dissertation, Rick Best, now a health-services scientist for Lockheed Martin, researched stress among nurses who work with veterans, a group that faces high demands with low resources. One might have expected elevated levels of burnout. But there were high levels of satisfaction.

里克．贝斯特(Rick Best)现为洛克希德．马丁(Lockheed Martin)的健康服务科学家，他在撰写毕业论文时研究了从事退伍军人护理工作的护士所承受的压力问题，这一群体面临的要求高，而享受的资源较少。人们也许认为他们会对工作十分厌倦。但事实上他们的满意度却很高。

"The meaning they got from their job was high," says Mr. Best. "They went into the profession of nursing to help people. As a consequence, they derived much meaning from what they were doing, and they were better able to handle stress."

贝斯特说，“他们从工作中获得了很多有意义的东西。他们从事护理工作是为了帮助别人。所以他们从自己所做的事情中获得了很多意义，能够更好地处理压力。”

Reduce your expectations. Given how much energy employees devote to their job, there can be quite a few expectations wrapped up in work. Workers often look to employers for career, socialization, and personal and intellectual growth opportunities.

降低期望值。鉴于员工在工作中投入了大量精力，他们对工作也会抱有相当大的期望。员工通常期望雇主能为他们提供事业、社交、个人和才智发展机会。

"With so many expectations, it's no wonder that work can't meet all of that. So we get disappointed, but I don't know that work could fulfill all those things," says Ken Pinnock, associate director of employee relations and services at the University of Denver.

丹佛大学(University of Denver)员工关系和服务部门副主任肯．平诺克(Ken Pinnock)说，“员工的期望太多了，难怪工作无法满足他们的所有期望。于是我们会失望，但我认为仅凭工作是无法满足所有这一切的。”

Due to so many layoffs in the last few years, many have lost friends and colleagues, and have realized that job security, taken for granted at times, is gone. There have also been cuts when it comes to extras, such as educational opportunities, celebrations and room for career advancement.

过去几年出现了太多的裁员，许多人在裁员中失去了朋友和同事，并且意识到，他们曾经不以为然的工作安全感不复存在了。此外，福利也有所削减，比如教育机会、庆祝活动和职业升迁空间等。

There can be an element of loss when employees realize that the workplace has changed. However, personal and professional goals can still be pursued without an employer's support.

当员工意识到职场发生变化时，他们会产生一种失落感。但即便没有雇主的支持，他们仍然可以追求个人和职业发展目标。

"The way back from this is to try to gain perspective about work, realizing that we are still ultimately in charge of our careers and work, and we don't have to turn to our employers to develop ourselves, or look to them to be responsible for us," Mr. Pinnock says.

平诺克说，“要摆脱这种失落感，就要对工作有更全面的认识，要认识到我们最终仍然能够掌控自己的职业生涯和工作，我们不需要靠雇主来获得自我发展，或者指望他们来为我们负责。”

Look at "challenges," not "problems." Rather than perceiving problems at work, look at them as challenges.

看“挑战”，不要看“问题”。不要把工作中遇到的困扰视为问题，而要把它们视为挑战。

"The people who approach work as an opportunity to learn are much more satisfied with their jobs and performance, and find themselves eager to take on new challenges," Mr. Weaver says. "They aren't trying to prove that they are the smartest. They are more likely to learn from their own experiences and mistakes."

韦弗说，“那些视工作为学习机会的人对自己的工作和表现更加满意，并且愿意接受新的挑战。他们并不想证明自己是最聪明的人。他们更愿意从自己的经验和错误中学习。”

Setting intermediate goals can also help workers derive a sense of accomplishment, and keep pace with longer-term targets, Mr. Best says.

贝斯特说，确定短期目标也能够帮助员工获得成就感，并促使他们向中长期目标迈进。