女性健康必修课：20多岁女性必须做的9种检查

Busy women tend to put visits to the doctor at the end of their priorities. But when in the midst of a hectic life, making time for health check-ins is vital. Hopefully you're up to date with all of your necessary vaccinations and can just focus on making sure you're on track with these appointments.
工作繁忙的女性总不经意地忽视健康检查，但在庸庸碌碌的一生中，这正是必不可少的。我们希望你已接种过所有需要接种的疫苗，并能确保自己走在保持定期检查身体的轨道上。

Every Five Years
每五年，你需要做：

1. Physical exam: While certain studies are calling physical exams useless, the National Institute of Health still suggests getting two physical exams in your 20s and 30s. Every doctor is different when it comes to a physical, but chances are your provider will go over your history, vital signs, and blood work and perform a variety of medical screenings.
体格检查：尽管某些研究宣称体格检查无用，但美国国立卫生研究院建议20多岁和30多岁应分别做一次体格检查。每位医生做的检查项目也许略有区别，但至少你的医生会看一遍你的医疗记录、检查生命体征、血象，并做一系列摄片检查。

2. Cholesterol: Once you're 20 years old, checking your cholesterol every five years is essential. The process is fairly straightforward; after you fast for 12 hours, you go for a blood test that measures total cholesterol, LDL "bad" cholesterol, HDL "good" cholesterol, and triglycerides. Your LDL cholesterol levels should be 100 mg/dL or less, and your HDL (good) cholesterol levels should be 60 mg/dL or above.
胆固醇检查：当你已跨过20岁的大坎以后，每五年检查一次胆固醇成了必要。过程并不复杂：禁食12小时后，将做血液测试，以检查体内的全胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白（“坏胆固醇”）、高密度脂蛋白（“好胆固醇”）、和甘油三酯含量。低密度脂蛋白含量应低于100mg/dL，而高密度脂蛋白应高于60mg/dL才算正常范围。

Every Three to Five Years
每3-5年，你需要做：

3. Pap smear: While yearly pap smears were the norm, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, most women from age 21 to 65 can wait three to five years between pap tests as long as the results are normal.
宫颈涂片检查：虽然常规是一年一做，不过美国妇产科学会的专家们认为，如果每次的检查结果均正常，年龄介于21-65岁的女性每3-5年做一次复查即可。

Every Three Years
每3年，你需要做：

4. Breast exam: The breast exam performed by a physician is an important preventative measure to take to lower your breast cancer risk. According to the American Cancer Society, women in their 20s and 30s should have a clinical breast exam (CBE) every three years. While the majority of women don't have to start going for annual mammograms until their 40s, the ACA also recommends early mammogram screening for women with a first-degree relative who has had breast cancer.
乳腺检查：医生对乳腺进行检查，可以极大程度上避免乳腺癌的发生。据美国癌症协会报道，每三年，年龄介于20多岁和30多岁的女性都应该检查一次乳腺。尽管绝大多数女性都是直到40多岁才开始每年进行乳房X光摄影检测，美国癌症协会仍然建议：那些直系亲属中有乳腺癌病史的女性应该尽早做该检查。