原因何在?诺贝尔科学奖,国人无法言说的痛

At a recent talk with university students in Shanghai, Smithies, who is 87, said real interest and devotion to science are key to making important contributions. He emphasized the importance of personal interest and suggested science students find subjects that really interest them. "If your tutor doesn't like the project you like, change the tutor," he said.
在最近一次与上海的大学生交流后，87岁的史密斯说真正的兴趣和对科学的奉献精神是做出重要贡献的关键所在。他强调了个人兴趣的重要性，建议学科学的学生找到真正使他们感兴趣的事物。“如果你的老师不喜欢你喜欢的课题，那就更换导师，”他说。

Scientific research often involves creativity and inventions. Smithies said that when he couldn't find the kind of specific equipment he needed, he made his own - this was the case in the research that won the Nobel. He held up a pink container that he said was an infant's bathtub, which he had modified with wires and equipment from other lab apparatus. "Never make winning the Nobel Prize your goal," he said. "No Nobel Prize winners target the prize during their research. The only thing that all winners have in common are having fun and having confidence in their research."
科学研究往往需要创造和发明。史密斯说当他不能找到一种他需要的特定设备时，他就自创——这是在研究上获得诺贝尔奖的一则案例。他举起一个粉红色的容器，他说这是婴儿浴缸，就是他从其他实验室设备调整线路和设备得到的。“决不能让获得诺贝尔奖成为你的目标，”他说。“没有诺贝尔奖得主会在研究中紧盯着这一奖项。所有获奖者唯一的共同点是在他们的研究中获得兴趣和信心。”

Xiong Bingqi, vice head of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, a non-profit organization featuring researches on education and public policy, said a reason for the lack of recognition in science today is the nature of China's education system.
熊丙奇，21世纪教育研究院副院长，一个涉及教育和公共政策研究方面的非营利组织，他说今天科学缺乏辨识度的原因在于中国教育系统的本质。

"We teach students knowledge," he said. "But studies suggest knowledge-centered education can only have a very minor impact in a person's future life ... The education system doesn't value and nurture students imagination, creativity, observation and communications skills that can influence a whole life," Xiong said.
“我们教授学生知识，”他说。“但是研究表明以知识为中心的教育只能对一个人的未来产生非常小的影响……教育系统没有重视和培养影响学生一生的那些想像力、创造力、观察力和沟通技巧，”熊说。

China's education system is famously test oriented. The system and appraisal by tests kill students' personality, imagination and creativity and produce a lot of "exam-taking machines," he said.
众所周知中国教育系统以应试为中心。这一系统和测试评估体系扼杀了学生的个性、想象力和创造力，并将会产生大量的’考试机器’，”他说。

Another major obstacle to genuine scientific innovation and achievement is bureaucracy, Xiong said. Many researchers lose research funding in an academic structure too often controlled by administrative bodies.
产生真正科学创新和成就的另一主要障碍是官僚主义，熊说。许多研究人员在通常由行政机关控制的学术结构中失去研究经费。

Scientists who want to get funding often have to spend a lot of time socializing and interacting, attending conferences, writing papers as well as writing applications for projects, leaving them with little time for creative thinking, he said.
想获得资金的科学家常常不得不花大量的时间来社交和互动、参加会议、写论文以及为项目编写应用程序，几乎使他们没有时间进行创造性思考，他说。

Research also tends to be utilitarian and pure research without relatively short-term returns and rewards isn't generally favored by institutions, funders or individual researchers.
研究也往往是功利的，没有相对短期的回报和奖励的纯粹研究通常得不到机构、赞助者和个人研究者的青睐。

Publish or perish
要么发表成果，要么淘汰出局

University evaluation systems are also flawed because they appraise researchers by the number of papers they publish and the number of projects they complete, instead of genuine scientific achievement, Xiong said.
大学的评估系统也有缺陷，因为他们以发表文章的数量和完成项目的数量来评价科研人员，而不是真正的科学成就，熊说。

Plagiarism flourishes in quite a few universities because researchers are under great pressure to secure promotions.
剽窃在一些大学繁荣，因为研究人员正承受着巨大压力来保证获得上升。

China wants its scientists to win Nobels and pours money into key research programs in pursuit of the prize, but first of all it should create a fair and free environment for researchers to work without bureaucratic interruption or utilitarian considerations.
中国希望其科学家赢得诺贝尔奖，为追逐这个奖而将资金注入到关键研究项目中，但首先它应该为研究者创建一个没有官僚阻碍或功利性考量的公平自由的环境。