国防白皮书：中国武装力量的多样化运用（中英对照）

五、维护世界和平和地区稳定

Safeguarding World Peace and Regional Stability

中国的安全和发展与世界的和平繁荣息息相关。中国武装力量始终是维护世界和平和地区稳定的坚定力量，致力于同各国加强军事合作、增进军事互信，参与地区和国际安全事务，在国际政治和安全领域发挥积极作用。

China's security and development are closely connected with the peace and prosperity of the world as a whole. China's armed forces have always been a staunch force upholding world peace and regional stability, and will continue to increase cooperation and mutual trust with the armed forces of other countries, participate in regional and international security affairs, and play an active role in international political and security fields.

参加联合国维和行动

Participating in UN Peacekeeping Operations

中国认真履行国际责任和义务，支持并积极参加联合国维和行动。根据联合国决议和中国政府与联合国达成的协议，中国派出维和部队和维和军事专业人员，进驻指定国家或地区，在联合国主导下组织实施维和行动，主要承担监督停火、隔离冲突和工程、运输、医疗保障以及参与社会重建和人道主义援助等任务。

China earnestly fulfills its international responsibilities and obligations, and supports and actively participates in UN peacekeeping missions.

In accordance with UN resolutions as well as agreements between the Chinese government and the UN, China dispatches peacekeeping troops and specialized peacekeeping personnel to designated countries or regions, who carry out peacekeeping operations under the auspices of the UN.

They are mainly tasked with monitoring ceasefires, disengaging conflicting parties, providing engineering, transportation and medical support, and participating in social reconstruction and humanitarian assistance.

１９９０年，人民解放军向联合国中东维和任务区派遣５名军事观察员，首次参加联合国维和行动。１９９２年，向联合国柬埔寨维和任务区派出４００人的工程兵大队，首次派遣成建制部队。迄今为止，人民解放军共参加２３项联合国维和行动，累计派出维和军事人员２．２万人次。中国参加维和行动的所有官兵均被授予联合国和平勋章，有３名军官和６名士兵在执行维和任务中牺牲，被授予联合国哈马舍尔德勋章。目前，中国是联合国安理会５个常任理事国中派遣维和军事人员最多的国家，是联合国１１５个维和出兵国中派出工兵、运输和医疗等保障分队最多的国家，是缴纳维和摊款最多的发展中国家。

In 1990, the PLA sent five military observers to the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) - the first time China had taken part in UN peacekeeping missions.

In 1992, it dispatched an engineering corps of 400 officers and men to the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) - the first time China had sent an organic military unit on a peacekeeping mission.

To date, the PLA has dispatched 22,000 military personnel to 23 UN peacekeeping missions. All of them have been awarded the UN peace medals. Three officers and six soldiers have laid down their lives performing such duties and were posthumously awarded the Dag Hammarskjold medal. So far, China is the biggest troop and police contributor among the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.

It also dispatches the most numbers of troops for engineering, transportation and medical support among all the 115 contributing countries. China pays and contributes the largest share of UN peacekeeping costs among all developing countries.

截至２０１２年１２月，人民解放军有１８４２名官兵在９个联合国任务区遂行维和任务。其中，军事观察员和参谋军官７８人，赴联合国刚果（金）稳定特派团工兵、医疗分队共２１８人，赴联合国利比里亚特派团工兵、运输和医疗分队共５５８人，赴联合国驻黎巴嫩临时部队工兵、医疗分队共３３５人，赴联合国南苏丹特派团工兵、医疗分队共３３８人，赴联合国／非盟达尔富尔特派团工兵分队３１５人。

As of December 2012, a total of 1,842 PLA officers and men are implementing peacekeeping tasks in nine UN mission areas.

Among them, 78 are military observers and staff officers, 218 are engineering and medical personnel for the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), 558 are engineering, transportation and medical personnel for the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), 335 are engineering and medical personnel for the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), 338 are engineering and medical personnel for the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) and 315 are engineering personnel for the African Union/United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID).

中国维和部队发扬特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能奉献的优良作风，高标准完成各项任务。２２年来，共新建、修复道路１万多公里、桥梁２８４座，排除地雷和各类未爆物９０００多枚，运送物资１００万吨，运输总里程１１００多万公里，接诊病人１２万人次。参谋军官和军事观察员在司令部工作及巡逻、监督停火、联络、谈判等各项任务中表现出高度负责的职业精神。赴刚果（金）工兵分队连续奋战数昼夜，平整火山岩石场地１．６万平方米。赴利比里亚运输分队保障范围辐射该国全境，成为驻利近５０支联合国维和部队的运输保障中枢。中国维和部队还为当地民众铺路架桥、维修车辆、运送物资、送医送药和传授农业种植技术。赴黎巴嫩工兵分队自创“斜十字交叉定位”扫雷法，大大提高作业安全系数和进度，日均清排面积５００平方米以上；在黎以冲突期间排除未爆炸弹３５００多枚。赴苏丹达尔富尔工兵分队在被认为无法打井的地方打出１３眼水井。赴南苏丹工兵分队高标准建成首个解武、复员、安置过渡培训中心，为当地和平进程作出积极贡献。

Tough, brave and devoted, Chinese peacekeepers accomplish all their tasks in an exemplary manner.

Over the past 22 years, Chinese peacekeepers have built and repaired over 10,000 km of roads and 284 bridges, cleared over 9,000 mines and various types of unexploded ordnance (UXO), transported over one million tons of cargo across a total distance of 11 million km and treated 120,000 patients.

The staff officers and military observers have displayed a high degree of professionalism in their work at the headquarters and in the tasks of patrol, ceasefire monitoring, liaison and negotiation.

The Chinese engineering units to the Democratic Republic of the Congo worked day and night to level an area of 16,000 square meters littered with volcanic rocks.

The Chinese transportation units to Liberia have worked throughout the country and served as the transportation support center for nearly 50 peacekeeping troops there.

Chinese peacekeepers also build roads and bridges, repair vehicles and transport materials for, as well as deliver medical assistance and impart agricultural technology to local people.

The Chinese engineering units to Lebanon invented the method of "tilted cross positioning" in minesweeping, which has greatly raised the safety and efficiency of such operations.

They can now cover an average of over 500 square meters per day with this method. During the Lebanon-Israel conflict in 2006, over 3,500 unexploded bombs were defused and disposed of.

The Chinese engineering units to Darfur, Sudan, dug 13 wells in areas where well digging was deemed impossible. The Chinese engineering units to South Sudan built the first interim training center for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) at a high standard, making a positive contribution to the local peace process.

中国维和官兵恪守联合国维和人员行为准则、交战规则和驻在国法律法规，尊重当地宗教信仰和风俗习惯，严格遵守任务区规定和中国维和部队规章制度，赢得了当地人民的信任。

Chinese peacekeepers strictly abide by the code of personal conduct for UN peacekeepers, rules of engagement and laws of host countries. They respect local religious beliefs and customs, and conscientiously observe the mission regulations and rules for the Chinese peacekeeping troops, thereby winning trust from the local people.

国际灾难救援和人道主义援助

International Disaster Relief and Humanitarian Aid

中国武装力量积极参加政府组织的国际灾难救援和人道主义援助，向有关受灾国提供救援物资与医疗救助，派出专业救援队赴受灾国救援减灾，为有关国家提供扫雷援助，开展救援减灾国际交流。

China's armed forces take an active part in international disaster relief and humanitarian aid operations organized by the government. They provide relief supplies and medical aid, dispatch specialized rescue teams to disaster-stricken countries, provide mine-sweeping assistance and carry out international exchanges of rescue and disaster reduction.

２００２年以来，人民解放军已执行国际紧急人道主义援助任务３６次，向２７个受灾国运送总价值超过１２．５亿元人民币的救援物资。２００１年以来，由北京军区工兵团官兵、武警总医院医护人员和中国地震局专家组成的中国国际救援队，已参加８次国际灾难救援行动。２０１０年以来，人民解放军医疗救援队先后３次赴海地、巴基斯坦执行国际人道主义医学救援任务，陆军航空兵直升机救援队赴巴基斯坦协助抗击洪涝灾害。

Since 2002 the PLA has undertaken 36 urgent international humanitarian aid missions, and transported relief materials worth more than RMB1.25 billion to 27 disaster-stricken countries.

Since 2001, the Chinese International Search and Rescue (CISAR) Team, composed of officers and men from the engineering regiment of the Beijing Military Area Command, medical personnel from the PAPF General Hospital and experts from the China Earthquake Administration, has participated in eight international rescue operations.

Since 2010, PLA medical assistance teams have been sent three times to Haiti and Pakistan to carry out international humanitarian medical rescue operations, and the helicopter rescue team of the army aviation has been sent to Pakistan to assist flood-relief operations there.

２０１１年３月，日本发生强震并引发海啸，中国国际救援队紧急赴日参与搜救工作。２０１１年７月，泰国发生严重洪涝灾害，人民解放军空军出动４架飞机将中国国防部援助泰国武装部队的９０多吨抗洪救灾物资运抵曼谷。２０１１年９月，巴基斯坦发生特大洪灾，人民解放军空军出动５架飞机将７０００顶救灾帐篷空运至卡拉奇，兰州军区派出医疗防疫救援队赴重灾区昆瑞开展医疗救援、卫生防疫工作。

In March 2011 a devastating earthquake and tsunami hit Japan. The CISAR rushed to Japan and participated in the search-and-rescue operations.

In July 2011 heavy floods battered Thailand. The PLAAF sent four aircraft to transport to Bangkok more than 90 tons of relief materials provided by China's Ministry of National Defense to the Thai armed forces.

In September 2011, when disastrous floods struck Pakistan, the PLAAF dispatched five aircraft to deliver 7,000 tents to Karachi, and the Lanzhou Military Area Command sent a medical-care and epidemic-prevention team to Kunri, the worst-hit area.

中国武装力量积极开展对发展中国家的医疗服务和援助，参与国际医疗交流与合作，增进了与各国的友谊和互信。２０１０—２０１１年，海军“和平方舟”号医院船先后赴亚非５国和拉美４国，执行“和谐使命”人道主义医疗服务任务，历时１９３天，航程４．２万海里，为近５万人提供医疗服务。近年来，人民解放军医疗队还结合参加人道主义医疗联合演练，积极为加蓬、秘鲁、印度尼西亚等国家的民众提供医疗服务。

China's armed forces actively provide medical care and aid to developing countries, and participate in international medical exchanges and cooperation, thus strengthening friendship and mutual trust with them.

From 2010 to 2011, PLAN's hospital ship Peace Ark visited five countries in Asia and Africa and four countries in Latin America to provide "Harmonious Mission" humanitarian medical service. In 193 days the voyage covered 42,000 nautical miles, and nearly 50,000 people received medical services. In recent years, the PLA medical team has also provided medical service to local people in Gabon, Peru and Indonesia while participating in joint humanitarian medical drills.

中国政府高度重视地雷引发的人道主义问题，积极支持和参与国际扫雷援助活动。１９９９年以来，人民解放军通过举办扫雷技术培训班、专家现场指导、援助扫雷装备等方式，配合国家相关部门向近４０个亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲国家提供扫雷援助，为外国培训扫雷技术人员４００多名，指导扫除雷场２０多万平方米，捐赠价值约６０００万元人民币的扫雷装备器材。

The Chinese government attaches great importance to the solution of humanitarian problems caused by landmines.

It actively supports and participates in international de-mining efforts.

Since 1999, the PLA, in collaboration with relevant departments of the PRC government, has provided de-mining assistance to nearly 40 Asian, African and Latin American countries through offering training courses, sending experts to give on-site instruction, and donating de-mining equipment.

As a result, the PLA has trained more than 400 mine-clearance personnel for foreign countries, guided the clearance of more than 200,000 square meters of land-mine areas and donated mine-clearance equipment worth RMB 60 million.

维护国际海上通道安全

Safeguarding the Security of International SLOCs

中国海军履行国际义务，在亚丁湾、索马里海域开展常态化护航行动，与多国护航力量进行交流合作，共同维护国际海上通道安全。截至２０１２年１２月，中国海军护航编队共为４艘世界粮食计划署船舶、２４５５艘外国船舶提供护航，占护航船舶总数的４９％。救助外国船舶４艘，接护被海盗释放的外国船舶４艘，解救被海盗追击的外国船舶２０艘。

To fulfill China's international obligations, the Chinese navy carries out regular escort missions in the Gulf of Aden and waters off Somalia.

It conducts exchanges and cooperation with other escort forces to jointly safeguard the security of the international SLOCs.

As of December 2012, Chinese navy task groups have provided protection for four WFP ships and 2,455 foreign ships, accounting for 49% of the total of escorted ships. They helped four foreign ships, recovered four ships released from captivity and saved 20 foreign ships from pursuit by pirates.

中国海军护航编队在联合护航、信息共享、协调联络等方面与多国海军建立了良好的沟通机制。与俄罗斯开展联合护航行动，与韩国、巴基斯坦、美国海军舰艇开展反海盗等联合演习演练，与欧盟协调为世界粮食计划署船舶进行护航。与欧盟、北约、多国海上力量、韩国、日本、新加坡等护航舰艇举行指挥官登舰互访活动，与荷兰开展互派军官驻舰考察活动。积极参与索马里海盗问题联络小组会议以及“信息共享与防止冲突”护航国际会议等国际机制。

Chinese navy escort task forces have maintained smooth communication with other navies in the areas of joint escort, information sharing, coordination and liaison.

They have conducted joint escorts with their Russian counterparts, carried out joint anti-piracy drills with naval ships of the ROK, Pakistan and the US, and coordinated with the European Union to protect WFP ships.

It has exchanged boarding visits of commanders with task forces from the EU, NATO, the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF), the ROK, Japan and Singapore. It has exchanged officers for onboard observations with the navy of the Netherlands.

China takes an active part in the conferences of the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) and "Shared Awareness and Deconfliction" (SHADE) meetings on international merchant shipping protection.

自２０１２年１月起，中国、印度、日本等独立护航国家加强行动协调，以季度为周期相互协调各自护航班期，实现护航资源的统筹协调，提高护航效率。中国作为首轮护航班期协调参照国，及时公布２０１２年第一季度护航班期，印度、日本据此调整本国护航班期计划，形成了统一且间隔有序的护航班期。韩国从第四季度起加入独立护航国家班期协调机制。

Since January 2012, independent deployers such as China, India and Japan have strengthened their convoy coordination.

They have adjusted their escort schedules on a quarterly basis, optimized available assets, and thereby enhanced escort efficiency. China, as the reference country for the first round of convoy coordination, submitted its escort timetable for the first quarter of 2012 in good time.

India and Japan's escort task forces adjusted their convoy arrangements accordingly, thereby formulating a well-scheduled escort timetable. The ROK joined these efforts in the fourth quarter of 2012.

中外军队联演联训

Joint Exercises and Training with Foreign Armed Forces

人民解放军坚持不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方的方针和战略互惠、平等参与、对等实施的原则，与外国军队开展多层次、多领域、多军兵种的双边多边联演联训。２００２年以来，人民解放军依据协议或约定与３１个国家举行了２８次联合演习、３４次联合训练，对于促进政治军事互信、维护地区安全稳定和加强军队现代化建设发挥了积极作用。

In adherence to the principles of being non-aligned, non-confrontational, and not directed against any third party, as well as the guidelines of mutual benefit, equality and reciprocity, the PLA has held, together with other countries, bilateral and multilateral exercises and training featuring multiple levels, domains, services and arms.

Since 2002, the PLA has held 28 joint exercises and 34 joint training sessions with 31 countries in accordance with relevant agreements or arrangements.

This is conducive to promoting mutual trust in the political and military fields, safeguarding regional security and stability, and accelerating the PLA's modernization.

上海合作组织框架内联合反恐军事演习机制化发展。中国与上合组织成员国已共同举行９次双边多边联合军事演习。从２００５年开始，举行具有战略影响、战役层次的较大规模“和平使命”系列联合军事演习，包括“和平使命—２００５”中俄联合军事演习、“和平使命—２００７”上合组织武装力量联合反恐军事演习、“和平使命—２００９”中俄联合反恐军事演习、“和平使命—２０１０”上合组织武装力量联合反恐军事演习、“和平使命—２０１２”上合组织武装力量联合反恐军事演习。演习震慑和打击了恐怖主义、分裂主义和极端主义势力，提高了上合组织成员国共同应对新挑战、新威胁的能力。

Joint anti-terrorism military exercises within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) have become more institutionalized.

To date, China and other SCO member states have conducted nine bilateral and multilateral military exercises.

Since 2005, they have carried out a series of "Peace Mission" joint exercises at the campaign level with strategic impact. They were the "Peace Mission-2005" China-Russia joint military exercise, "Peace Mission-2007" joint anti-terrorism military exercise by SCO members, "Peace Mission-2009" China-Russia joint anti-terrorism military exercise, "Peace Mission-2010" joint anti-terrorism military exercise by SCO members and "Peace Mission-2012" joint anti-terrorism military exercise by SCO members.

The aforementioned exercises served to warn and deter terrorist, secessionist and extremist forces. The capabilities of the SCO members are constantly being enhanced to jointly deal with new challenges and new threats.

海上联演联训不断拓展。近年来，中国海军连续参加在阿拉伯海由巴基斯坦举办的“和平—０７”、“和平—０９”、“和平—１１”多国海上联合演习。中俄两国海军以海上联合保交作战为课题，在中国黄海海域举行“海上联合—２０１２”军事演习。中泰两国海军陆战队举行“蓝色突击—２０１０”、“蓝色突击—２０１２”联合训练。中国海军结合舰艇互访等活动，与印度、法国、英国、澳大利亚、泰国、美国、俄罗斯、日本、新西兰、越南等国海军举行通信、编队运动、海上补给、直升机互降、对海射击、联合护航、登临检查、联合搜救、潜水等科目的双边或多边海上演练。

Joint maritime exercises and training are being expanded. In recent years, the Chinese navy has taken part in the "Peace-07", "Peace-09" and "Peace-11" multinational maritime exercises hosted by Pakistan on the Arabian Sea.

The PLA and Russian navies held the "Maritime Cooperation-2012" military drill in the Yellow Sea off China's east coast focusing on joint defense of maritime traffic arteries. Chinese and Thai marine corps held the "Blue Strike-2010" and "Blue Strike-2012" joint training exercises. During mutual port calls and other activities, the Chinese navy also carried out bilateral or multilateral maritime exercises and training in such tasks as communications, formation movement, maritime replenishment, cross-deck helicopter landing, firing at surface, underwater and air targets, joint escort, boarding and inspection, joint search and rescue and diving with its counterparts from India, France, the UK, Australia, Thailand, the US, Russia, Japan, New Zealand and Vietnam.

陆军联合训练逐步深化。２００７年以来，中国陆军与外国陆军多次举行联合训练。与印度陆军举行“携手—２００７”、“携手—２００８”反恐联合训练，与蒙古国陆军举行“维和使命—２００９”维和联合训练，与新加坡举行“合作—２００９”、“合作—２０１０”安保联合训练，与罗马尼亚陆军举行“友谊行动—２００９”、“友谊行动—２０１０”山地部队联合训练，与土耳其举行陆军突击分队联合训练。中国陆军特种部队与泰国陆军特种部队举行“突击—２００７”、“突击—２００８”和“突击—２０１０”反恐联合训练，与印度尼西亚特种部队举行“利刃—２０１１”、“利刃—２０１２”反恐联合训练，与巴基斯坦特种部队举行“友谊—２０１０”、“友谊—２０１１”反恐联合训练，与哥伦比亚特种作战部队举行“合作—２０１２”反恐联合训练。２０１２年１１月，与约旦特种部队举行反恐联合训练，与美国陆军举行人道主义救援减灾联合室内推演。

Joint army training is gradually being increased in breadth and depth.

Since 2007, the PLAA has conducted a number of joint training sessions with its counterparts of other countries.

The PLAA joined the "Hand-in-Hand 2007" and "Hand-in-Hand 2008" joint anti-terrorism training sessions with the Indian army, "Peacekeeping Mission-2009" joint peacekeeping exercise with the Mongolian army, "Cooperation-2009" and "Cooperation-2010" joint security training exercises with Singapore, "Friendship Operation-2009" and "Friendship Operation-2010" joint military training of mountain troops with the Romanian army, and joint SOF unit training with the Turkish army.

The PLAA special forces held the "Strike-2007", "Strike-2008" and "Strike-2010" joint anti-terrorism training with their Thai counterparts, "Sharp Knife-2011" and "Sharp Knife-2012" joint anti-terrorism training with their Indonesian counterparts, "Friendship-2010" and "Friendship-2011" joint anti-terrorism training with their Pakistani counterparts, and "Cooperation-2012" joint anti-terrorism training with their Colombian counterparts.

In November 2012, joint anti-terrorism training was held with the Jordanian special forces and a joint humanitarian-assistance and disaster-relief tabletop exercise with the US army.

空军联合训练取得进展。２０１１年３月，中国空军联训分队与巴基斯坦空军举行“雄鹰—１”联合空战训练。１０月，中国与委内瑞拉空降兵举行“合作—２０１１”城市反恐联合训练。２０１１年７月、２０１２年１１月，中国与白俄罗斯空降兵分别举行“神鹰—２０１１”、“神鹰—２０１２”联合训练。

Joint air force training is also making progress. The PLAAF contingent held the "Shaheen-1" joint training of operational aerial maneuvers with its Pakistani counterpart in March 2011. China' s airborne commandos and their Venezuelan counterparts held the "Cooperation-2011" urban joint anti-terrorism training in October of the same year. China's airborne troops joined their Belarusian counterparts in the joint training code-named "Divine Eagle-2011" and "Divine Eagle-2012" respectively in July 2011 and November 2012.

卫勤联合训练稳步开展。２００９—２０１１年，人民解放军医疗队先后赴加蓬和秘鲁举行“和平天使”人道主义医疗救援联合行动，赴印度尼西亚参加东盟地区论坛救灾演练。２０１２年１０月，人民解放军卫勤分队与澳大利亚、新西兰军队举行“合作精神—２０１２”人道主义救援减灾联合演练。

Joint training in providing health services is being developed steadily. From 2009 to 2011, PLA medical teams held the "Peace Angel" joint operations for humanitarian medical assistance in Gabon and Peru, and participated in a disaster-relief exercise of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in Indonesia. The PLA health service team staged a joint exercise on humanitarian assistance and disaster relief code-named "Cooperation Spirit-2012" with its counterparts of Australia and New Zealand in October 2012.

结束语

Concluding Remarks

新世纪新阶段，中国武装力量有效履行新的历史使命，不断提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务的能力，坚决捍卫国家主权、安全、领土完整，有力保障国家经济社会发展和人民安居乐业，出色完成一系列急难险重任务和重大战备演训活动，赢得了人民的高度信赖和赞誉。

At new stage in this new century, China's armed forces have effectively fulfilled their new historical missions and enhanced their capabilities of accomplishing diversified military tasks, the most important of which is to win local wars under informationized conditions.

They have resolutely defended national sovereignty, security and territorial integrity, strongly guaranteed national economic and social development and ensured that the people can live and work in peace and stability.

Their accomplishment of a host of urgent, difficult, dangerous and arduous tasks has been remarkable, and through their staging of major exercises and training for combat readiness they have won the full trust of and high praise from the people.

站在新的历史起点上，中国武装力量的使命崇高而神圣，责任重大而光荣。中国武装力量将始终把维护国家主权和安全、保护人民利益放在高于一切的位置，始终把维护世界和平和促进共同发展作为重要任务，加快推进国防和军队现代化，积极参与国际安全合作，与各国武装力量一道努力营造和平稳定、平等互信、合作共赢的国际安全环境。

At this new historical starting point, China's armed forces are undertaking missions which are noble and lofty, and assuming responsibilities which are paramount and honorable.

They will constantly place above all else the protection of national sovereignty and security as well as the interests of the Chinese people.

They will persistently regard maintaining world peace and promoting common development as their important missions, and accelerate the modernization of national defense and the armed forces.

They will continue to actively participate in international security cooperation, and endeavor to foster, together with the armed forces of other countries, an international security environment of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation.