健康生活:你的运动超量了吗

Over the last few months, during the endurance-athletics offseason, something extraordinary happened: The line began to blur between the health effects of running marathons and eating cheeseburgers.
过去几个月耐力赛事的淡季中，发生了一件很不寻常的事情：跑马拉松和吃芝士汉堡，这两件事对人体健康的影响的区别开始变得模糊起来。

'I'm not worried, ' says veteran running coach Mark Sullivan, who has run more than 150 marathons, joking that 'there are guys who live to be 100 smoking cigarettes and eating cheeseburgers.'
参加过150余场马拉松赛的资深跑步教练马克??苏利凡(Mark Sullivan)说：“我一点儿也不担心。”他还开玩笑称：“有人又抽烟又吃芝士汉堡还能活到100岁呢。”

Endurance athletes have long enjoyed a made-of-iron image. But amid mounting evidence that extraordinary doses of exercise may diminish the benefits of modest amounts, that image is being smudged. That extra six years of longevity running has been shown to confer? That benefit may disappear beyond 30 miles of running a week, suggests recent research.
长期以来，耐力运动员在世人心目中都是铁人的形象。但随着越来越多的证据表明，运动量过大的话，可能会减少适量运动所带来的益处。这给运动员的铁人形象蒙上了阴影。不是说跑步能让人多活六年吗？新近的研究表明，一周跑步超过30英里（约合48公里），这一好处可能就会消失殆尽。

The improved blood pressure, cholesterol levels and robust cardiac health that exercise has been proven to bestow? Among extreme exercisers, those blessings may be offset partially by an increased vulnerability to atrial fibrillation and coronary-artery plaque, suggests other recent studies.
如果上述说法成立，那跑马拉松能改善人的血压、胆固醇水平，并让心脏变得更为强健，这些已被证实的事又该作何解释？近来另一些研究表明，对于过度锻炼者而言，由于他们更易患上心房颤动和冠状动脉斑块的病症，所以跑马拉松带来的一部分好处可能会被抵消掉。

In the face of this research, long-standing skepticism about the possibility of 'exercise overdose' is softening among many sports physicians. 'The lesson I've learned from 40 years of cardiology is that when there's this much smoke, there's often some fire, ' said Paul Thompson, a sports-medicine specialist and veteran marathoner who is chief of cardiology at Hartford Hospital in Connecticut.
许多体育运动医学家一直都对存在“运动过量”这种可能性的说法表示质疑，但面对上述研究，他们中的很多人态度都在软化。康涅狄格州哈特福德医院(Hartford Hospital)心脏病学负责人、运动医学专家及马拉松老将保罗??汤普森(Paul Thompson)说：“四十年的心脏病学职业生涯教给我一点：无中不能生有，事出总是有因。”

Anecdotal concerns about endurance athletics have been building for years. Cardiac conditions that required surgery have forced into retirement two winners of the Ironman Triathlon World Championship. In 2011, Ironman winner Normann Stadler underwent emergency surgery to repair an enormous aortic aneurysm, a condition not caused but very possibly aggravated by endurance athletics. Research shows an association between endurance athletics and enlarged aortic roots.
坊间关于耐力运动的担忧由来已久。铁人三项世界锦标赛(Ironman Triathlon World Championship)的两位冠军得主就因为心脏病需要动手术而被迫退役。2011年，该赛事冠军得主诺曼??施泰德(Normann Stadler)就接受了一场治疗主动脉巨瘤的急诊手术。这种病虽然不是由耐力运动造成的，但后者很可能会加剧病情。研究表明，耐力运动和主动脉根部扩张二者之间存在着某种关联。

Other recent studies suggest the significant mortality benefits of running may diminish or disappear at mileage exceeding 30 miles a week and other, very small studies have shown elevated levels of coronary plaque in serial marathoners─a problem that rigorous exercise theoretically could cause.
近来另一些研究指出，虽然跑步显著地降低了死亡率，但如果一周跑步的总里程超过了30英里（约合48公里），这项运动带来的益处可能就会减少或消失。而其他一些小规模的研究已表明，长期跑马拉松的人其冠状动脉斑块含量升高──这一问题理论上说是有可能由于严格的训练造成的。

'Heart disease comes from inflammation and if you're constantly, chronically inflaming yourself, never letting your body heal, why wouldn't there be a relationship between over exercise and heart disease?' said John Mandrola, a cardiac electrophysiologist and columnist for TheHeart.org.
心脏电生理学家、TheHeart.org的专栏作者约翰??曼德罗拉(John Mandrola)说：“心脏病源自炎症，如果你长期受慢性炎症困扰，从不让自己的身体痊愈，那么，过度锻炼和心脏病之间怎么可能会没有关系呢？”