报告称全球男女80年后才能完全平等

We find four distinct groups. The first group includes countries that have had an overall good performance since 2006 (above the median) and are moving ahead rapidly. This group includes Belgium, Switzerland, Lesotho, Luxembourg and Iceland. Iceland is not only already the top-ranked country, but it also has had the fastest rate of progress over the past eight years in closing the gender gap. These countries have essentially closed their health and education gaps already and they are moving ahead rapidly on integrating more women into the economy and politics.
我们发现被调查国家分成四个特征鲜明的类别。第一类包括2006年以来整体表现比较好（中等以上）、而且进步较快的国家。这一类包括比利时、瑞士、莱索托、卢森堡以及冰岛。冰岛不仅已经是排名最高的国家，也是过去八年中消除性别差距进步最快的国家。这些国家基本上消除了在健康和教育方面的差距，也在快速让更多女性融入经济和政治领域。

A second group includes countries that performed above the median in 2006 but have since stalled or even reversed their progress. These countries include El Salvador, Sri Lanka, Botswana, Tanzania and Moldova. In this group, the reversals stem mainly from losses to previous gains in political empowerment.
第二类包括2006年时表现中等以上、但自此之后就停滞甚至倒退的国家，包括萨尔瓦多、斯里兰卡、博茨瓦纳、坦桑尼亚以及摩尔多瓦。倒退主要是因为此前在政治赋权方面取得的进展又丢失了。

The third group is composed of countries that were below the median in 2006 – and still are – but have made rapid progress since then. Cameroon, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Nicaragua fall in this category. In some of these countries, such as Saudi Arabia, women are a majority of university graduates but only a small minority of the labour force and an even smaller share of leadership positions.
第三类包括2006年时处于中等水平以下（现在仍是）、但自那以来进步较快的国家。这一类包括喀麦隆、沙特、厄瓜多尔、玻利维亚和尼加拉瓜。在其中一些国家，比如沙特，女性占大学毕业生的大多数，但只占劳动力的一小部分，在领导层中的比例就更低。

Finally, a fourth group includes countries that were below the median in 2006 and are falling further behind. This group includes Albania, Mali, Algeria, Kuwait and Zambia. In most of these countries, basics such as education still need improvement. In others, such as Kuwait, the gender gap in economic participation has actually increased, despite a decline in the gender gap in education.
最后就是第四个类别，包括2006年时处于中等以下水平，并且仍在后退的国家。这类国家包括阿尔巴尼亚、马里、阿尔及利亚、科威特以及赞比亚。在其中大多数国家，教育等基础层面依然需要改善。诸如科威特等其他国家在经济参与方面的性别差距实际上有所扩大，尽管在教育方面的性别差距有所缩小。

For the world as a whole, the report shows that 96 per cent of health gaps, 93 per cent of education gaps, 60 per cent of economic gaps and only 21 per cent of political gaps have been closed. Globally, women are almost as healthy and as educated as men. Unfortunately, women are still far from full integration and parity in economic and political decision-making. This is a waste of talent and a missed opportunity to build prosperity. A wide array of studies confirms that countries with large gender gaps tend to be less competitive.
从世界整体来看，报告显示，96%的健康差距，93%的教育差距，60%的经济差距以及21%的政治差距已经消除。全球来看，女性与男性的健康程度和受教育程度几乎一样。不幸的是，在经济和政治决策方面女性还远未实现完全的融合和平等。这在创造繁荣的过程中是一种人才的浪费和错失的机会。大量研究证实，性别差距较大的国家往往竞争力也差一些。

While correlation does not prove causality, the reasoning is quite simple. Empowering women means a more efficient use of a nation’s human capital endowment and therefore over time a nation’s competitiveness depends, among other things, on whether and how it educates and utilises its female talent. Similarly, at the company level the best decision-making and innovation occurs when the female talent pool is fully engaged and integrated.
虽然相关性未必就是因果关系，但推理是非常简单的。妇女赋权意味着对一个国家人力资本更加高效率的利用，因此随着时间的转移，决定一个国家的竞争力的，除了别的因素之外，还有如何教育并利用女性人才。类似地，在公司层面，当女性人才得到充分利用并融合时，就会有最佳的决策和创新。

The fact that women make up more than half of university graduates in many developed countries and in many emerging markets, has transformed the global talent pool. Add to that the growing purchasing power of women and it is clear why governments and companies must take account of the rising economic clout of women as consumers, clients, workers and decision makers. The governments and companies that are quickest to recognise these trends will earn high dividends on their investments in gender parity. In today’s world, women’s rights are not only human rights – they are a key determinant of economic performance and winning the race to prosperity has become synonymous with winning the race to equality.
很多发达国家和新兴经济体大学毕业生中女性占一半以上，这个事实转变了全球的人才储备。再加上女性购买力的增加，显然，政府和企业必须考虑女性作为消费者、客户以及决策者不断强化的经济力量。最快意识到这些趋势的政府和企业，将会从性别平等投资获得高回报。在今天的世界，女性权利不仅是人权，也是一个关键的经济表现要素。谁赢得了性别平等的竞赛，谁就赢得了繁荣竞赛。

Laura D. Tyson is a professor of management and director of the Institute for Business and Social Impact at the University of California’s Berkeley-Haas School of Business. Saadia Zahidi is head of the World Economic Forum’s Gender Parity and Human Capital programmes.
劳拉•D•泰森(Laura D. Tyson)是美国加州大学伯克利分校(University of California’s Berkeley)哈斯商学院(Haas School of Business)管理学教授、商业和社会影响研究所(Institute for Business and Social Impact)所长。萨阿迪亚•扎希迪(Saadia Zahidi)是世界经济论坛性别平等和人力资本项目主管。