九大事实为证：传统的性别角色?胡扯！

Lace used to be manly. And womanly. So long as you were upper-class.

No.4 过去，蕾丝适合男人，也适合女人。只要你属于上层阶级。

Much like the high-heeled shoe, lace was popularized in the European market around the 16th century as a status marker, Steele told HuffPost. The stuff was so intricately crafted that just an inch and a half of Valenciennes lace (one particularly labor-intensive variety) took 14 hours to produce -- and it came with a price to match.

斯蒂尔告诉《赫芬顿邮报》，和高跟鞋十分相像，16世纪左右，蕾丝作为身份的象征在欧洲市场大为流行。这种东西制作工艺极为复杂，即便只是制作一英寸半长的瓦朗西安蕾丝（制作特别耗费劳力的一种）也要花上14个小时—当然，价格也相应地不菲。

It was acceptable for men to wear lace through the 18th century, Steele explained, but the style died out around the 19th century. "A lot of decoration in clothing was interpreted as meaning 'aristocratic, upper class'" she explained, "and it becomes redefined around 1800 as meaning 'feminine.'" The same goes for the business of shopping for clothing fabric. "Men shopped quite happily for clothing right through the 18th century," she explained.

“整个18世纪，男人穿蕾丝制成的衣服都是被接受的，”斯蒂尔解释说，“但这种风尚在19世纪逐渐消失了。”“许多衣服上的装饰都被解读成‘贵族，上层阶级’的象征，”她解释说，“1800年左右，蕾丝又被重新定义成‘女性化的东西。’”买衣物布料这件事也一样。“整个18世纪，男人们都十分乐于买衣服，”她解释说。

Even men used to cry when they wanted to seem sincere.

No.5 过去，为了显得真诚，男人常常会哭。

A man's stoicism has always been a point of pride, up there with biceps and ability to drink his weight in beer -- right? Nope.

男人的坚忍克己，再加上强健的肌肉以及能将与他们体重重量相当的啤酒一饮而尽的气魄总是令他们骄傲的一件事情—对吗？并不是这样的。

"Tearlessness," wrote historian Tom Lutz, "has not been the standard of manliness through most of history." Although men may be biologically inclined against crying, the act has been used over centuries by both genders to signify sincerity, pleasure or even heroism. Odysseus cries throughout the Iliad. Jean-Jacque Rousseau, Lutz wrote, considered crying part of our natural state. In the 18th century, crying was so normalized and even expected that "if you didn't cry at the theatre … you were some kind of lower class boor," he told the Orange County Register. Even American hero Abraham Lincoln cried at certain moments during his public speeches.

“不流眼泪，”历史学家汤姆•卢茨写道，“在大部分的历史时间里，并不是判断一个人男子气概的标准。”尽管男人也许天生不爱哭，但几百年来，两性都用“哭”来表现真诚，快乐甚至英雄气概。卢茨写道，“在《伊利亚特》中，奥德修斯从头哭到尾。让•雅克•卢梭认为哭是我们自然状态的一部分。”他告诉《橘郡纪事报》说，“在18世纪，哭是一件很正常的事情，如果在剧场你不哭，就会被认为是下层阶级的粗人。” 甚至连美国的英雄亚伯拉罕•林肯，在做公开演讲时也曾数次动容。

Cheerleading started out as a boys' club, because it was too "masculine" for girls.

No.6 啦啦队最初是一个男孩儿俱乐部，因为这对于女孩儿来说太“男性化了”。

"The reputation of having been a valiant 'cheer-leader' is one of the most valuable things a boy can take away from college," reads a 1911 article in The Nation. Similar to actually playing collegiate sports, leading cheers for the team helped prepare students for leadership roles later in life, argued Mary Ellen Hanson in her history of American cheerleading.

1911年《国家》杂志上的一篇文章写道，“成为英勇的啦啦队长会替一个男孩赢得荣誉，这是他可以带出大学校园的最有价值的东西之一。”“其实，和参加大学体育比赛相似，率领队员为队伍加油帮助学生培养领导能力，为日后生活中他们所要担当的领导角色做准备，”玛丽•爱伦•汉森在讲述美国啦啦队历史5时说道。

The first cheerleader is said to be University of Minnesota student Johnny Campbell, who convinced the crowd to follow his chanting lead during an 1898 game. His legacy was carried on by Dwight D. Eisenhower, Franklin Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan -- all cheerleaders. It wasn't until the 1920s and 1930s that women were really included (and not until the 1960s that it became female-dominated) since the sport was previously deemed too "masculine" for them, helping develop powerful, unladylike voices. Plus, they'd hear too much cursing hanging around all those manly male cheerleaders.

据说，第一位啦啦队长是明尼苏达大学的学生约翰尼• 坎贝尔。在1898年的一次比赛中，他说服众人听从他的指挥，呼喊加油。德怀特•艾森豪威尔，富兰克林•罗斯福和罗纳德•里根将他的这一“首创”延续了下去—三人都当过啦啦队长。直到20世纪20年代和30年代女性才真正参与进来（直到20世纪60年代她们才成为主导）。这是因为先前人们认为这一运动对女性来说太“男性化”，并且会促使她们发出有强力的，不那么淑女的声音。此外，她们还得听那些“极具男子气概”的男啦啦队长的过分的咒骂。