大学生第一份工作最常犯的错误

Answer by Sae Min Ahn, managing partner at Rakuten Ventures
乐天投资（Rakuten Ventures）主理合伙人Sae Min Ahn的回答

This is not specifically for software engineers but I believe this applies for the many young hopefuls walking into their first company.
我认为，以下这些错误并非软件工程师的专利，所有满怀希望，刚步入职场的年轻人都很容易犯这些错误。

Falling more in love with the company than the job:Probably one of the biggest mistakes I made. I truly believed that if I got into the company I wanted, I would eventually find the role that was right for me. What was more painful was that I gave up an amazing role in a different company because I liked the branding of my-then-employer
爱公司多过爱工作：这或许是我犯下的最大的错误之一。我当时坚信，只要我进入那家我心仪已久的公司，最终就一定能找到适合自己的岗位。更痛苦地是，我还放弃了另外一家公司提供的一份好工作，只是因为我喜欢当时那家雇主的品牌。

Believing that my manager had all the answers and provided consistently right guidance: One of the hardest and disappointing lessons I had to learn but soon came to realize was the most valuable. I had a manager that I truly trusted and believed in. Whatever she told me I believed was canon and infallible. It turned out she was just as clueless as I was and had a tenancy for emotional abuse when things got hectic or too hot to handle
相信上司知道所有问题的答案，并且总能提供正确的指导：这是我得到的最残酷、最令人失望的一条教训，但很快我意识到这也是最宝贵的教训。有一位上司深得我的信任，我对她深信不疑。不论她告诉我什么，我都奉若圭臬，认为她的话绝对可靠。结果证明，她与我一样愚蠢，在面临混乱或棘手的难题时，她甚至会出现精神虐待倾向。

Believing that having a black and white viewpoint on business execution was the right path: This was actually an issue – I hope it isn’t anymore – with a lot of the Korean companies at the time. They try to indoctrinate the new grad into thinking that their competitor is “the enemy” or even portray them as “evil” in an irrational mantra. I’m sure it was to gain short-term loyalty, but for a lot of people I know, they picked up a really bad habit of emotionally expending too much time “hating” on their rivals and not thinking enough about the bigger picture of things
坚信应该持有黑白分明的商业立场：曾几何时，受大量韩国公司的影响，这真的是一个问题，但愿它现在已不复存在。他们会向刚毕业的学生灌输这样一种思想：竞争对手是“敌人”，甚至不理性地将他们描绘成“邪恶的”一方。这种做法确实能获得短期的忠诚，但就我所知，许多人养成了一种坏习惯，他们在情感上投入太多时间去“憎恨”竞争对手，而没有充分考虑大局。

Believing that I would start doing “cool stuff” day one of my job: This was a funny time in my life as I thought I could take on the world and make the company revenue chart hit a neck-breaking hockey stick vector. I soon came to realize I had little applicable skills and had to really learn how to plan, prioritize and execute. Each step was like pulling a tooth but hey, I’m here aren’t I?
相信在工作首日，自己就开始做“很酷的事情”：这是我一生中非常可笑的一段时间，因为我当时认为自己可以挑战整个世界，可以让公司的收入曲线显著上升。我很快就意识到，自己掌握的技能几乎为零，必须学习如何规划、安排优先事项和执行。每走出一步就像拔牙一样痛苦，但那又如何，我已经走到这一步了，不是吗？

Answer by Allen Wu, software engineer at Yahoo
雅虎（Yahoo）软件工程师Allen Wu的回答

Two mistakes I made during my first job in software engineering as a new grad come to mind. Hopefully reading about my experiences will encourage new college grads to be more cognizant of these common mistakes.
我记得毕业后从事第一份软件工程师工作时曾经犯下两个错误。但愿我的经历能够鼓励刚毕业的大学生们更谨慎地避免这些常见错误。

The first was grossly underestimating how long it would take to complete a feature. The business requirements suggested that the feature was not very technically complex and would be straightforward to implement. What ended up being responsible for the bulk of the time was cross team collaboration, dependencies on others, and evolving requirements, which led to many iterations of development. There’s an aphorism in software engineering that says that 90% of the work takes 90% of the estimated time, and the remaining 10% of work takes another 90% of time, resulting in a total development time of 180% of the original estimate. Even after some experience in software development, it is still really difficult for me to accurately estimate the development time of a task (see Jan Christian Meyer’s answer to Software Engineering: What is the hardest thing you do as a software engineer?), though it’s getting better.
第一个错误是，严重低估完成一项功能所需要的时间。业务要求规定，功能在技术上不能太过复杂，而且要易于操作。最终结果是，跨团队协作、对其他人的依赖性，以及不断更新的要求，占用了大部分时间。而不断更新的要求常常导致许多重复的开发工作。软件工程领域有一句格言是这样说的：90%的工作会用去90%的时间，剩余10%的工作还需要90%的时间，最终结果是，开发时间将是预估时间的180%。即便在软件开发行业积累了一些经验之后，我依然很难准确估算一项任务的开发时间，尽管现在的情况有所好转。

The second was not asking for help when I should have. I was stuck on a bug I discovered for a feature that I was trying to implement. Trying to uncover the root cause of the bug was like opening a can of worms – related problems started popping up everywhere. Instead of properly escalating the issues to increase their visibility to get more resources or asking for help, I spent many cycles trying to find solutions, which was an exercise in futility. My manager at the time noted that a common mistake made by junior developers is to “disappear” to work on their tasks for extended periods of time, and reappear when they’re finished. When I realized that unexpected problems are expected, and a manager’s job is to have visibility and enable a team to operate at optimal velocity, I was able to improve on this.
第二个错误是没有在必要的时候寻求帮助。正打算执行的一项功能的时候，我发现了一个漏洞，并深陷其中。要找出导致漏洞的根本原因，无异于自找麻烦——突然之间，相关问题开始不断出现。我没有恰当地提升这些问题的严重性以提高其可见性，并由此获得更多资源或寻求帮助，而是一遍遍地试图找出解决方案，结果徒劳无功。我当时的上司表示，初级开发人员最常犯的错误，是会“消失”很长一段时间，忙于自己的项目，等到项目完成之后才会再次出现。当我意识到应该料想到意外问题总会出现，管理者的职责就是发现问题，使整个团队按最佳速度运行，我在这方面得到了提升。

Answer by Jason Ewing
贾森•尤因的回答

Be more loyal to your company than the company is to you. I’ve managed too many teams that have entry level employees and I see this too often. You like your first company, they gave you your first real shot! You should be loyal, right?
你对公司的忠诚度要高于公司对你的忠诚度。我管理过许多有初级员工的团队，见过太多这样的情况。你喜欢自己的第一家公司，它也给了你第一次真正的机会！你应该对它忠诚，不是吗？

Wrong. People stay in an entry level position for too long believing their employer will “take care of them” if they just work hard enough, stick around long enough….
这是错误的观点。有些人停留在入门级岗位太长时间，因为他们认为，只要他们努力工作，坚持的时间足够长，他们的雇主就会“照顾他们”……

Over time, this grinds a person down. I love that people believe that if you just work hard and do well your talents will be recognized and you’ll be promoted, but the truth is this isn’t always the way things work. Companies both large and small have to have a position to promote you to, a budget to pay you more, etc etc….
随着时间的推移，这种想法会压垮一个人。我也希望人们都相信，只要努力做好工作，你的才能就会得到认可，你就会平步青云，但真实情况是，付出的努力不见得一定能得到回报。不论大公司还是小公司，必须有职位空缺才能给员工升职，或者有预算才能给员工加薪。

Once you’ve been at your first job for a bit, begin engaging your manager about what your options are for developing your career. If you start to get the sense that no one ever gets promoted, or that options for advancement are limited, then change gears: Learn what you can where you are and take that experience somewhere else.
从事第一份工作一段时间之后，要开始向上司请教自己的职业发展有哪些选择。如果你感觉没有人会得到升职，或者提升的选择有限，不妨改变方法：在这里尽可能学习新知识，然后带着自己的经验另谋高就。

Answer by Carson Tang
卡尔森•唐的回答

Ignore the bad habits of your older colleagues - Your colleague who has been working for at least 10 years might be late to meetings often, but that does not imply that it is acceptable to be late. When an older colleague is late, your manager might cut her more slack because she has proven herself to be helpful and employable whereas if you are late, you simply look irresponsible and unemployable.
避免老员工的坏习惯——在公司工作了至少十年的同事，可能经常开会迟到，但这并不意味着迟到是可以接受的。如果有老员工迟到，你的上司可能会放她一马，因为她证明自己对公司有帮助，符合雇主的要求。但如果你迟到，只会让你看起来不负责任，并被列入不宜雇佣的员工之列。

Seek guidance and help proactively - In school, your professors and teaching assistants often provide hints and guidance on homework and lab assignments without you prompting them. At work, everyone is busy with his or her own tasks, so do not be surprised if no one offers help. It is not necessarily that they are unfriendly and selfish so much as they are just plain busy. The ones that offer unsolicited help are generally friendly people, so those are the ones with whom you want to be on extra good terms.
主动寻求指导和帮助——在学校里，即便你没有主动提出，你的教授和助教也会经常为你的家庭作业和实验室任务提供提示和指导。但在工作中，所有人都忙于自己的任务，所以，如果没有人主动提供帮助，不要感到惊讶。这并不意味着他们不友好或者自私，只是因为他们非常繁忙。主动向你提供帮助的人，往往都非常友好，所以有必要与他们搞好关系。