欧洲各大足球联赛贫富差距根源

This relatively egalitarian distribution means that the difference in TV revenues among Premier League teams is low. During the season that ended in May, the top earner, Liverpool, received EUR122 million in TV revenues, 1.57 times what last place Cardiff City got (EUR77.7 million).
国际体育经济学家协会（International Association of Sports Economists）主席兼西班牙奥维耶多大学（University of Oviedo）经济学教授普拉西多o罗德里格斯表示：“因为各队都有着不错的收入，因此英超联赛垫底的球队也能角逐转会市场。”

The Premier League’s equal payout system allows smaller English teams to buy players, which increases the league’s overall spending on talent.
当然，最大英超球队的收入和花销都远远多于那些小球队。在2014年的转会市场上，被弗鲁曼称为“体育爱好者”或“糖果老爹”（即那些更在意球队输赢，而不是盈利状况的富人）所持有或控制的四家具乐部在购买球员上的花费，就占到了整个英超联赛该项花费的一大半。这些俱乐部分别是利物浦（1.458亿欧元）、切尔西（Chelsea，1.113亿欧元）、阿森纳（Arsenal，9,270万欧元）、以及在德勤足球队财富排行榜（Football Money League）上位列第四的曼彻斯特联队（Manchester United）。

After a bad season that saw it miss out on the upcoming Champions League, Manchester United spent EUR182.5 million on transfers to improve its team.
经历了一个失败的赛季并错失欧冠资格后，曼联在转会市场花费了1.825亿欧元来提高实力。

“If a team feels it can make progress to qualify for Champions league, it makes an extra effort in transfer fees and salary,” says Rob Simmons, a professor of economics at the Lancaster University Management School who estimates Manchester United will lose at least EUR25 million by missing the competition this year.
兰卡斯特大学管理学院（Lancaster University Management School）经济学教授罗伯o西蒙斯表示：“如果一支球队觉得自己有望获得角逐欧冠联赛的资格，它就会在转会费和薪水上投入更多资金。”他估计，由于错失今年的欧冠联赛，曼联的经济损失将至少达到2,500万欧元。

Still, the egalitarian TV rights distribution has made the Premier League stronger overall.
尽管如此，电视转播收入的平等分配，让英超联赛的整体水平有所提高。

“The financial advantage of the top English clubs is not as great as the financial advantage of the league as a whole,” says Stefan Szymanski, a sports management professor at the University of Michigan.
密歇根大学（University of Michigan）体育管理学教授斯蒂芬o斯曼斯基表示：“顶级英格兰俱乐部的财务优势不如整个英超联赛的财务优势大。”

Compare that to Spain’s La Liga, a concentrated market dominated by Real Madrid and Barcelona, the two clubs with the highest revenues in the world, according to Deloitte.
现在可以将它与西甲联赛做一个对比。西甲联赛是一个集中化市场，由皇家马德里（Real Madrid）和巴塞罗那（Barcelona）两支队伍主导。德勤的数据显示，这两家是全球收入最高的俱乐部。

Spanish teams negotiate TV rights separately, so the biggest chunk of the television revenues go to these top two teams, which each brought in over EUR180 million last year. According to Deloitte, the TV revenue ratio between the biggest and smallest earners in Spain is 7:1.
西甲球队分头洽谈电视转播权，所以这两支顶尖球队获得了最大一块电视转播收入，它们在去年的收入均超过1.8亿欧元。根据德勤的数据，电视转播收入第一名和最后一名的收入比达到了7:1。

That’s far higher than in Italy (4.4:1) or Germany (2.5:1), not to mention England. In a market dominated by so few businesses, most teams can’t spend significant sums for players. During the summer player buying market, Barcelona, Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid (a distant third in revenues) accounted for 81% of the EUR479 million Spanish teams spent.
这要比意大利（4.4:1）和德国（2.5:1）高得多，更不用说英格兰了。在一个由如此少的俱乐部统治的市场，大多数球队都拿不出很多钱来追逐球员。在夏天的球员交易市场，巴塞罗那、皇家马德里和马德里竞技（Atlético de Madrid，收入远远地排在第三）购买球员的花费，占据西甲球队购买球员耗费总额（4.79亿欧元）的81%。

There is reason to believe that the Premier League will hold on to its economic dominance its role as the biggest talent shopper. Because of a new EUR6.5 billion broadcast deal, Premier League teams took home EUR1.95 billion in TV fees in the season that ended in May, up 60% from EUR1.2 billion last year.
因此我们有理由相信，英超联赛会继续保持球星最大买家的经济统治地位。在新签署的65亿欧元转播合同下，英超联赛在今年5月结束的赛季中收入了19.5亿欧元的转播费，比上赛季的12亿欧元提高了60%。

With this boom in broadcast rights, Deloitte estimates that Premier League teams brought in about EUR4 billion in revenues in the 2013-2014 season, or more than the Spanish and Italian leagues combined.
鉴于电视转播费用的增势迅猛，德勤预计英超联赛在2013-2014赛季的收入将达到40亿欧元，超出西班牙和意大利联赛的收入之和。