创业会有损你的身体健康吗?

But Dan MacCombie, a co-founder of Runa, a Brooklyn-based beverage company, said the need to reassure investors of one's commitment can complicate the health picture. He described a "martyr complex" among many entrepreneurs he knows, "the implicit expectation that if you're not wearing yourself a little thin you're not putting enough effort in." He puts a personal priority on sleep, while his business partner "will go out of his way to cook an elaborate, veggie-heavy meal because he believes that's important."
不过，总部位于布鲁克里的饮料公司Runa联合创始人丹·迈考比(Dan MacCombie)说，努力打拼好让投资人放心的需求，往往会搅乱健康的前景。他形容说，他认识的很多创业者都有“烈士情结”，“如果你没有把自己累瘦，言下之意就好像是你没有全力以赴。”他个人把保证睡眠放在一个最重要的位置，而他的商业伙伴则会“精心烹制一份有很多蔬菜的晚饭，因为他相信这很重要。”

A new, nationwide online training group called Minimum Viable Fitness was designed specifically to address the unique challenges of people working in the tech industry. It was co-founded by Julie Fredrickson, who saw her health plummet when she started her first company and, as a chief executive, "put on 25 pounds, had terrible habits and was exhausted all the time," she said. "And I grew up as a competitive athlete in Colorado." She and co-founder Dick Talens explained that the scarce breaks and frequent travel required of tech entrepreneurs, along with catered lunches and schmoozing over cocktails, often result in decision fatigue when it comes to diet and exercise.
“极简可行健身”(Minimum Viable Fitness)是一个新的为解决科技业界人士面对的独特挑战而设立的全美在线训练小组。朱莉·弗雷德里克森(Julie Fredrickson)参与创建了这个小组，她在开办自己的首家公司时，健康状况急剧下滑，作为公司首席执行官，她“长了25磅，生活习惯很糟糕，而且无时无刻不感到疲惫，”她说，“而且当年我在科罗拉多长大，打小是个竞技运动员。”她和小组的另一位创始人迪克·塔伦斯(Dick Talens)解释说，科技业界的创业人士往往休息极少，频繁出差，同时要面对觥筹交错，结果就是每当碰到节食和锻炼时，往往会出现决策疲劳(decision fatigue)。

Entrepreneurship certainly has its upsides. Entrepreneurs are more optimistic about their futures than other workers, according to an earlier Gallup analysis of the Well-Being Index conducted last fall and optimism is correlated with good health in some studies. The same analysis found they are also more likely to experience enjoyment and intellectual stimulation on a daily basis.
当然，创业也有它的好处。盖洛普去年秋天进行的较早期的身心健康指数分析表明，比起其他员工，创业者对未来更乐观，而一些研究发现，乐观与健康状况良好有联系。通过同样的指数还能发现，创业者每天体会到的喜悦情绪与脑力激荡要更多。

But entrepreneurs also report more stress and worry than other workers do, and slightly more sadness, both of which have been tied to worse health. Edward Marks, co-founder of a mobile app company called Twist, said that, unlike being an employee, "so much of your self-worth is actually invested in a company. I've seen entrepreneurs cry."
不过，创业人士自称感到压力与焦虑的程度也甚于其他受薪人士，同时他们体会到的悲哀程度也略高，而这些情绪都与健康恶化有关。爱德华·马克斯(Edward Marks)是一家叫Twist的移动应用软件公司联合创始人，他说，跟普通员工不一样，创业者“把自己的身家性命都投到了公司里。我曾亲眼见过创业者大哭。”

Lack of health insurance may deepen entrepreneurs' stress. Three-fourths of self-employed business owners reported having health insurance, compared with 9 in 10 among other workers — the most significant difference between the two groups. (Likely related, entrepreneurs are also less likely to visit the dentist.)
缺乏医疗保险可能会进一步加深创业人士的压力。相比受薪人士90%的医保覆盖率，自雇企业所有人中只有75%拥有医保——这是这两类人群最显著的区别。（创业者看牙医的可能性也较低，这也许跟上述情况有联系。）

"One of the biggest reasons a would-be entrepreneur doesn't become one is lack of health care," said Scott Gerber, founder of the Young Entrepreneur Council, which provides startup mentorship and resources and conducts research on entrepreneurs' needs. To address this problem, his organization is introducing StartupInsurance, an online platform of health insurance plans offered by major health insurers, which will be compliant with the Affordable Care Act by 2014 and are tailored for entrepreneurs.
“之所以有人本来有机会创业，但最后放弃，很大一个原因就在于没有医保，”斯科特·葛伯(Scott Gerber)说。他是“青年创业者理事会”(Young Entrepreneur Council)创始人，该机构提供创业指导和资源，并视乎创业者的需求开展研究。为解决这个问题，他的机构引入了“初创保险”(StartupInsurance)，这是一个由大型医疗保险商提供医疗保险计划的在线平台，它将在2014年前根据“平价医疗法案”(Affordable Care Act)完成修订，专为创业人士量身打造。

The net effect of all the differences is that slightly fewer entrepreneurs report being diagnosed with health problems like high cholesterol and high blood pressure. But stress remains a constant, and too often ignored, factor in the lives of self-employed business owners, said Carter Coberley, vice president of the Healthways Center for Health Research. He said these "motivated go-getters" either "choose not to pay attention to the stress or are so focused on making their work succeed that unfortunately they ignore it to their detriment."
综合各种差别产生的净效果是：自称得到确诊，出现了高胆固醇和高血压这类健康问题的创业人士，比例要略低一些。但据健维健康研究中心(Healthways Center for Health Research)的副总裁卡特·科伯雷(Carter Coberley)说，在自雇企业所有人的生活中，压力仍是一个持续存在、而且往往被忽视的因素。他说这些“上进、有进取心的人”要么“选择不把压力摆在心上，要么完全把注意力放在如何令事业成功上，不幸的是，他们忽略了这样做带来的危害。”

"I think that's a picture that's been missing in the workforce over all," he added. "But it appears to be exacerbated in small business owners because of additional demands."
“我认为在整个劳动力人口中，这都是一个缺失的画面，”他进一步说，“但看来在小企业业主中问题最严重，因为他们要面对额外的需求。”