习大大访美49项成果清单

From September 22 to 25, 2015, at the invitation of President Barack Obama of the United States of America, President Xi Jinping of the People's Republic of China paid a state visit to the United States. During the visit, President Xi Jinping and President Obama had in-depth, candid and constructive talks. The two sides reached extensive consensus and arrived at a series of important outcomes. According to the briefing given by officials from the Foreign Ministry, the main consensus and outcomes reached by the two sides are as follows:
2015年9月22日至25日，应美利坚合众国总统贝拉克·奥巴马邀请，中华人民共和国国家主席习近平对美国进行国事访问。访问期间，习近平主席与奥巴马总统举行了深入、坦诚、建设性的会谈。双方达成广泛共识，取得了一系列重要成果。据外交部官员介绍，双方达成的主要共识和成果如下：

I. The New Model of Major-country Relationship Between China and the United States
一、中美新型大国关系

1. The two sides commended the important outcomes of the meeting at Sunnylands in 2013, the meeting in Beijing in 2014 and the meeting in Washington in 2015 between the two presidents, and agreed to continue the endeavor to build a new model of major-country relationship between China and the United States based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation. The two sides agreed to maintain close communication and exchanges at high and other levels, further expand practical cooperation at bilateral, regional and global levels, manage differences in a constructive way to achieve new concrete results in China-U.S. relations to the greater benefit of people of the two countries and the world.
1、双方积极评价两国元首2013年安纳伯格庄园会晤、2014年北京会晤和这次华盛顿会晤取得的重要成果；同意继续努力构建基于相互尊重、合作共赢的中美新型大国关系，保持密切高层及各级别交往，进一步拓展双边、地区、全球层面的务实合作，以建设性方式管控分歧，使中美关系不断取得新的具体成果，更多更好地造福两国人民和世界人民。

2. The two sides agreed that, as permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and countries with important global influence, China and the United States should remain committed to maintaining a strong China-U.S. relationship to contribute to the peace, stability and prosperity of the world and the region. The United States welcomes a strong, prosperous and stable China that plays a greater role in international and regional affairs. The United States supports China's stability and reform. China respects the traditional influence and practical interests of the United States in the Asia-Pacific and welcomes the United States to continue to play a positive and constructive role in regional affairs.
2、双方一致认为，中美作为联合国安理会常任理事国和在全球具有重要影响的国家，应共同致力于维护一个强有力的中美关系，使之为全球及地区和平、稳定和繁荣作出贡献。美方欢迎一个强大、繁荣、稳定、在国际和地区事务中发挥更大作用的中国，支持中国的稳定和改革。中方尊重美国在亚太地区的传统影响和现实利益，欢迎美方在地区事务中继续发挥积极、建设性作用。

II. Bilateral Practical Cooperation
二、双边务实合作

3. China and the United States recognize their shared interest in promoting a strong and open global economy, inclusive growth and sustainable development, and a stable international financial system, supported by the multilateral economic institutions founded at the end of World War II that have benefited the peoples of both nations. Both countries recognize and value the substantial contributions that the international financial institutions have made to global growth, higher incomes, the alleviation of poverty, and the maintenance of financial stability since their establishment. The rules-based international economic system has helped to propel China's uNPRecedented economic growth over the past 35 years, lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. The United States has also benefited from the emergence of a global middle class that, by 2030, is projected to include more than 3 billion consumers in Asia alone. U.S. exports of goods and services supported approximately 12 million jobs in the United States in 2014. China has a strong stake in the maintenance and further strengthening and modernization of global financial institutions, and the United States welcomes China's growing contributions to financing development and infrastructure in Asia and beyond. The international financial architecture has evolved over time to meet the changing scale, scope, and diversity of challenges and to include new institutions as they incorporate its core principles of high standards and good governance. Both countries are committed to supporting this international architecture and welcome the greater role of the G20 in global economic governance to ensure an inclusive, resilient, and constantly improving international economic architecture to meet challenges now and in the future. In light of China's increased share of global economic activity and increased capacity, the United States welcomes China playing a more active role in and taking on due responsibility for the international financial architecture, as well as expanded bilateral cooperation to address global economic challenges. To this end:
3、中美双方确认在促进强劲和开放的全球经济、包容性增长和可持续发展，以及稳定的国际金融体系方面拥有共同利益，上述目标的实现由第二次世界大战后成立的多边经济机构所支撑，这些机构使两国人民受益。中美双方确认并重视国际金融机构自建立以来对促进全球增长、提高收入、减少贫困和维护金融稳定所做的重大贡献。以规则为基础的国际经济体系在过去35年中助推中国实现了前所未有的经济增长，使亿万人民摆脱了贫困。美国也同样受益于全球中产阶级的出现，预计到2030年仅在亚洲就将有30亿消费者。2014年，美国商品和服务的出口在美国内支持了大约1200万人的就业。中方在维护、进一步加强并推动国际金融机构现代化方面有重大利益，美方欢迎中方不断增加对亚洲及域外地区发展事业和基础设施的融资支持。国际金融框架正不断演进，以应对在规模、范围和多样性方面都在发生变化的挑战，并将包括将高标准和良好治理作为其核心原则的新机构。双方承诺支持这一国际框架，并欢迎二十国集团(G20)在全球经济治理中发挥更大作用，确保国际经济体系具有包容性、韧性且不断得到完善，以应对当前和未来的挑战。鉴于中国在全球经济事务中的参与度和参与能力不断增加，美方欢迎中方在国际金融框架和拓展的双边合作中发挥更加积极的作用并承担相应的责任，以应对全球经济挑战。为此：

(1) China and the United States commit to strengthening and modernizing the multilateral development financing system. Both countries resolve to further strengthen the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank and Inter-American Development Bank by enhancing their financial capacity, reforming their governance, and improving their effectiveness and efficiency. Consistent with its development, in addition to being a shareholder and borrower, China intends to meaningfully increase its role as a donor in all these institutions. Both sides acknowledge that for new and future institutions to be significant contributors to the international financial architecture, these institutions, like the existing international financial institutions, are to be properly structured and operated in line with the principles of professionalism, transparency, efficiency, and effectiveness, and with the existing high environmental and governance standards, recognizing that these standards continuously evolve and improve.
(1)中美双方承诺强化多边开发融资体系并使其现代化。双方决心通过提高其资金能力、改革其治理和提升其有效性和效率，继续强化世界银行、亚洲开发银行、非洲发展银行、泛美开发银行。与发展阶段相适应，中方不仅将作为股东国和借款国，还有意愿有意义地在所有上述机构中提升作为捐款国的作用。双方认识到新机构以及未来将成立的机构，要成为国际金融框架的重要贡献者，这些机构将像现有国际金融机构一样，与专业性、透明度、高效率和有效性的原则以及现有环境和治理高标准相一致，进行恰当的设计和运营，同时认识到上述标准是在持续演进和改进的。

(2) China and the United States reaffirm the importance of the MDBs in meeting the needs of the poorest countries through robust financial contributions to the International Development Association, Asian Development Fund, and African Development Fund. China is to meaningfully increase its contributions to the MDB concessional windows, consistent with its capacity. Both countries commit that the MDBs should continue to explore options to increase their lending capacity, including through using existing resources, and regularly reviewing their capital with an assessment of whether a capital increase is warranted. Both countries commit to continued efforts on MDB balance sheet optimization. China and the United States commit to collaborate on the World Bank shareholding review roadmap, including development of a shareholding formula and review of the World Bank's capital needs in 2017. Both sides also recognize that the middle income countries still face challenges in alleviating poverty and that the MDBs have a role in addressing those specific needs.
(2)中美双方再次确认，通过对多边开发银行下设的国际开发协会、亚洲开发基金和非洲发展基金的强有力的捐款以满足最贫困国家的需求，是十分重要的。中方将按照其自身能力有意义地增加其对多边开发银行软贷款窗口的捐资。双方承诺多边开发银行应继续探索增强其贷款能力的选择，包括通过使用现有资源，并定期审议其资本金以评估是否需要增资。双方承诺继续在优化多边开发银行资产负债表方面做出努力。双方承诺就世界银行的股权分配改革路线图进行合作，包括股权分配公式的设计和在2017年审议世界银行的资本需求。同时，双方认识到中等收入国家在减贫方面依旧面临挑战，并且多边开发银行在应对上述特定需求方面发挥重要作用。

(3) China and the United States commit to strengthen their cooperation in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and continue to improve the IMF's quota and governance structure. The United States commits to implement the 2010 IMF quota and governance reforms as soon as possible and reaffirms that the distribution of quotas should continue to shift toward dynamic emerging markets and developing countries to better reflect the relative weight of IMF members in the world economy. China and the United States affirm the efforts of the IMF Executive Board to pursue an interim solution, which aims to converge quota shares to the extent possible to the levels decided under the 14th Review. However, the interim solution should not constitute or be seen in any way as a substitute for the 2010 reforms. China and the United States are to support the Executive Board's work on the 15th Review of Quotas, including a new quota formula, using the 14th Review as a basis.
(3)中美双方承诺在国际货币基金组织(IMF)机制下加强合作，并继续完善IMF的份额和治理结构。美方承诺尽快落实2010年IMF份额和治理改革方案，并再次确认份额的分配应继续向具有活力的新兴市场和发展中国家转移，以更好地反映IMF成员国在世界经济中的相对权重。双方认可IMF执董会为寻求过渡方案所做的努力，过渡方案旨在使份额比例尽可能地趋近于第14次份额总审查确定的水平。但是，过渡方案不能构成或被视为代替2010年改革方案。双方支持IMF执董会在推动第15次份额总审查方面所做的工作，包括以第14次份额总检查为基础制定一个新的份额公式。

(4) China and the United States commit to development finance cooperation in a third country through the multilateral development banks, respecting the ownership of the recipient countries.
(4)中美双方承诺在尊重受援国所有权的前提下，通过多边开发银行在第三国开展发展融资合作。

(5) The United States welcomes China's commitment to release economic data following the IMF's Special Data Dissemination Standards (SDDS) by the end of the year and welcomes China's continued efforts to enhance transparency. China recognizes the importance to successful RMB internationalization of meeting the transparency standards of other major reserve currencies. The United States supports China's commitment to implement further financial and capital market reforms, and accordingly the United States reiterates its support for the inclusion of the RMB in the SDR basket provided the currency meets the IMF's existing criteria in its SDR review. Both countries commit to respect the IMF's procedures and process in the SDR review, and to enhance their communication on this issue.
(5)美方欢迎中方承诺年底之前根据IMF特殊数据发布标准(SDDS)披露经济数据，也欢迎中方在提高透明度方面所做的持续努力。中方认识到，满足其他主要储备货币透明度标准对成功实施人民币国际化具有重要意义。美方支持中方关于进一步推动金融改革和资本市场改革的承诺，相应地，美国重申在人民币符合IMF现有标准的前提下支持人民币在特别提款权(SDR)审查中纳入SDR篮子。双方承诺尊重IMF在SDR审查中的程序和流程，并将在人民币加入SDR事宜上加强沟通。

(6) China and the United States look forward to continuing to discuss mechanisms to facilitate renminbi trading and clearing in the United States.
(6)中美双方期待继续就便利在美人民币交易和清算的机制问题进行讨论。

(7) China and the United States welcome the important progress that has been made in the negotiation of new international guidelines on officially supported export credits since the establishment of the International Working Group on Export Credits (IWG) through a joint high level commitment in 2012. China and the United States reaffirm their support for IWG guideline coverage of official export credit support provided by or on behalf of a government, including, but not limited to, official export credit support provided by official export credit policy financial institutions, and look forward to further discussing the scope of the guideline coverage at the next IWG meetings in October. China and the United States reaffirm that the guidelines should help ensure that governments complement commercial export financing, while promoting international trade.
(7)中美双方欢迎根据2012年达成的高层联合声明成立出口信贷国际工作组以来，在官方支持出口信贷新的国际指导原则谈判工作中取得的重要进展。中美双方重申支持国际工作组指导原则涵盖由政府或代表政府提供的官方支持的出口信贷，包括但不限于政策性官方出口信贷金融机构提供的官方支持的出口信贷，并期待继续在将于10月举行的下一次国际工作组会议上就指导原则覆盖范围等问题进行讨论。中美双方进一步重申，新的国际指导原则应在促进国际贸易的同时，有助于确保政府对商业出口融资的补充。

4. China and the United States recognize the positive progress of the ongoing bilateral investment treaty (BIT) negotiation. The Leaders reaffirm as a top economic priority the negotiation of a high standard BIT that reflects a shared commitment to the objectives of non-discrimination, fairness, and transparency, that effectively facilitates and enables market access and market operation, and that represents on each side an open and liberalized investment regime. In light of the progress made in the BIT negotiations and both sides' improved negative list proposals in September, China and the United States commit to intensify the negotiations and to work expeditiously to conclude the negotiation of a mutually beneficial treaty that meets these high standards.
4、中美两国领导人积极评价正在进行中的中美投资协定(BIT)谈判业已取得的进展。两国领导人重申达成一项高水平投资协定的谈判是两国之间最重要的经济事项。高水平的投资协定将反映双方对于非歧视、公平、透明度的共同成果，有效促进和确保市场准入和运营，并体现双方开放和自由的投资体制。鉴于谈判取得的进展和双方于九月改进了各自的负面清单出价，中美两国同意强力推进谈判，加快工作节奏，以达成一项互利共赢的高水平投资协定。

5. The U.S. side reiterated its commitment to encourage and facilitate exports of commercial high technology items to China for civilian-end users and for civilian-end uses. Both sides commit to continue detailed and in-depth discussion of the export control issues of mutual interest within the China-U.S. High Technology and Strategic Trade Working Group.
5、美方重申，承诺促进和便利商用高技术物项对华民用最终用户和民用最终用途出口。双方承诺，继续通过中美高技术与战略贸易工作组深入并详细讨论共同关心的出口管制问题。

6. China and the United States commit to limit the scope of their respective national security reviews of foreign investments (for the United States, the CFIUS process) solely to issues that constitute national security concerns, and not to generalize the scope of such reviews to include other broader public interest or economic issues. China and the United States commit that their respective national security reviews apply the same rules and standards under the law to each investment reviewed, regardless of country of origin. When an investment poses a national security risk, China and the United States are to use their respective processes to address the risk as expeditiously as possible, including through targeted mitigation rather than prohibition whenever reasonably possible. The national security review of each country is applicable only to investments completed after such review process is established. Once an investment has completed the national security review process of either country, the investment generally should not be subject to review again if the parties close the investment as reviewed under the respective national security review process. In their respective national security reviews, China and the United States commit not to use information, provided by entities not party to an investment, for the purpose, unrelated to national security, of promoting the commercial interests of a competitor of a party to that investment. China and the United States commit to continue exchanging views on issues regarding their respective national security reviews in the future, including the scope of each country's national security review process and the role in each country's national security review process for entities not party to an investment.
6、中美双方承诺，其各自关于外资的国家安全审查(在美方指美国外国投资委员会的审查程序)的范围限于属于国家安全关切的问题，不通过纳入其他更宽泛的公共利益或经济问题将审查范围泛化。双方承诺，其各自的国家安全审查对于被审查的每项投资，无论其来源地都按照法律适用相同的规则和标准。当一项投资存在国家安全风险时，双方将尽可能快地通过各自审查程序解决风险，包括在合理且可能的情况下，采取有针对性的缓和措施，而不是禁止投资。中美两国各自的国家安全审查仅适用于其审查制度建立后开展的投资。当一项投资在中国或美国通过国家安全审查程序后，如投资方按照审查通过的方案完成了投资，则该项投资在通常情况下不应被再次审查。双方承诺，在各自的国家安全审查中，不将非投资方提供的信息用以与国家安全无关、促进投资方竞争者商业利益的目的。中美双方承诺，未来就两国国家安全审查的有关问题继续开展交流，包括各自国家安全审查程序的范围、各自国家安全审查程序中非投资方的作用。

7. The United States welcomes investment from all countries, including China. The United States commits to maintain an open investment environment for Chinese investors, including state-owned enterprises, as with investors from other countries. The United States reaffirms its open investment policy and a commitment to treat all investors in a fair and equitable manner under the law. China and the United States commit to continue to communicate on bilateral investment issues, to promote development of bilateral investment.
7、美方承诺，欢迎来自包括中国在内的所有国家的投资。美方承诺，对包括国有企业在内的中国投资者保持开放的投资环境，给予和其他国家投资者一样的待遇。美方重申其开放的投资政策以及依法公平公正对待所有投资者的承诺。中美双方承诺继续就双边投资问题开展交流，促进双边投资的发展。

8. The two sides welcome the promotion of China-U.S. sub-national economic and trade and investment cooperation. In that vein, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce and U.S. Department of Commerce and endeavor to complete a memorandum of understanding highlighting the priority that each agency places on facilitating sub-national economic, trade, and investment cooperation at this year's China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade. As an example of such cooperation already taking place, the two sides are heartened by the role the Trade and Investment Cooperation Joint Working Groups established between Chinese provinces and cities and the U.S. states of California, Iowa, Texas, Michigan, and Washington and the city of Chicago and welcome the establishment of similar mechanisms.
8、双方对促进中美省州经济、贸易和投资合作表示欢迎。鉴此，中国商务部和美国商务部将共同努力在今年中美商贸联委会期间签署谅解备忘录，该备忘录凸显双方均将促进省州经济、贸易和投资合作为重点工作。作为这一机制的范例，双方对中国相关省市与美国加利福尼亚州、艾奥瓦州、芝加哥市、得克萨斯州、密歇根州和华盛顿州建立的“贸易投资合作联合工作组”的作用给予高度评价，并欢迎建立更多的类似机制。

9. China and the United States affirm the positive role that Select Reverse Trade Missions play in introducing U.S. advanced technologies to projects of mutual interest and promoting bilateral trade towards a more balanced direction. Both sides affirm that Select Reverse Trade Missions are conducive to promoting cooperation of both countries' enterprises in priority areas including energy, environment, healthcare, aviation and agriculture, which serves the common interests of China and the United States. Based on the discussions at the 7th Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the Ministry of Commerce of China and the U.S. Trade and Development Agency commit to organize two targeted Select Reverse Trade Missions that bring two Chinese delegations to the United States to introduce them to U.S. goods and services, consistent with U.S. laws and policies, related to green infrastructure and green construction, including green engineering and design, green building and building efficiency, construction waste recycling, distributed energy, and smart city construction.
9、中美双方积极评价反向贸易代表团在引进美国先进技术、推动双边贸易向更加平衡方向发展方面所发挥的积极作用，确认反向贸易代表团有助于推动两国企业在能源、环境、医疗、航空和农业等优先发展领域的合作，符合两国共同利益。根据双方在第七轮中美战略与经济对话期间的讨论，中国商务部和美国贸易发展署承诺，在符合美国法律和政策的前提下，组织两批反向贸易代表团赴美考察绿色基础设施和绿色建筑领域的产品和服务，包括绿色工程与设计、绿色建筑和建筑能效、建筑垃圾回收，分布式能源和智慧城市建设。

10. China and the United States highly value the important role the China-U.S. Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) plays in promoting bilateral economic relations and expanding mutually beneficial cooperation. Both countries are to ensure the success of the 26th JCCT by making progress on key trade matters of their business communities.

10、双方高度重视中美商贸联委会对促进中美双边经济关系和扩大两国互利合作发挥的重要作用，将通过在商界关注的关键贸易事务上取得进展，共同确保第26届中美商贸联委会成功举行。

11. Technology is one of the pillars of the bilateral economic relationship between the China and the United States. Creating the conditions for expanded two-way trade and investment in the technology sector and avoiding measures that restrict it are critical to sustaining positive momentum in the economic relationship between our countries.
11、技术是中美双边经济关系的支柱之一。为更广阔的技术产业双向贸易和投资创造条件并避免限制措施，对保持两国经济关系的积极势头至关重要。

(1) Both countries affirm the value of adopting technology-product international standards that have been developed in an open, transparent, market-driven, and balanced manner that allow for due process. Furthermore, both countries recognize that industry's participation in standards development without undue government influence is fundamental to rapid innovation and technology development.
(1)双方确认，采用以开放、透明、市场为导向和均衡的方式，并允许适当程序发展形成的科技产品国际标准的价值。此外，双方确认，标准发展的过程中产业的参与且不受政府不适当的影响对快速创新和技术发展具有根本性意义。

(2) Both countries affirm the importance of competition policy approaches that ensure fair and non-discriminatory treatment of entities and that avoid the enforcement of competition law to pursue industrial policy goals.
(2)双方确认，竞争政策保障经营者受到公平和非歧视性待遇的重要性，避免通过实施竞争法追求产业政策目标。

(3) Both countries commit that generally applicable measures to enhance information and communication technology cybersecurity in commercial sectors (ICT cybersecurity regulations) should be consistent with WTO agreements, be narrowly tailored, take into account international norms, be nondiscriminatory, and not impose nationality-based conditions or restrictions, on the purchase, sale, or use of ICT products by commercial enterprises unnecessarily.
(3)双方承诺，用以在商业领域加强信息通信技术网络安全(信息通信技术网络安全法规)的一般适用措施，应符合世贸组织协定，仅用于小范围，考虑国际规范，非歧视，且不对商业机构在相关产品的购买、销售或使用方面不必要地设置基于国别的条件或限制。

(4) Both countries affirm that generally applicable measures regulating technology products in the commercial sector benefit from meaningful consultation with the private sector, governments, and other stakeholders to encourage innovative, flexible, and cost-effective solutions.
(4)双方确认，在商业领域规范技术产品的一般适用措施，得益于与私营部门、政府和其他利益相关方的有意义的咨商，以鼓励制定有创新性的、灵活的和具有成本效益的解决方案。

(5) China and the United States affirm the importance of developing and protecting intellectual property, including trade secrets, and commit not to advance generally applicable policies or practices that require the transfer of intellectual property rights or technology as a condition of doing business in their respective markets.
(5)双方确认，发展和保护包括商业秘密在内的知识产权的重要性，并承诺不推进将转让知识产权或技术作为在各自市场开展业务的前提条件的一般适用政策或实践。

(6) Both countries affirm that states should not conduct or knowingly support misappropriation of intellectual property, including trade secrets or other confidential business information with the intent of providing competitive advantages to their companies or commercial sectors. Both countries affirm that states and companies should not by illegal methods make use of technology and commercial advantages to gain commercial benefits.
(6)双方确认，各国不能实施或有意支持窃取包括商业秘密或其他机密商业信息在内的知识产权，以向本国公司或商业领域提供竞争优势。双方确认，国家和企业不应以非法方式利用技术和商业优势来获取商业利益。