美联储调查：高通胀侵蚀美家庭财务安全，民众对经济不满情绪蔓延

据路透社5月22日报道，美联储22日发布一项调查报告显示，通胀高企削弱了美国家庭的财务安全感。54%的美国成年人称，他们的预算受到了物价上涨的“巨大”影响。许多民众表示，他们不得不减少储蓄维持生计，对退休生活感到不安，并暂缓购买一些商品或选购更便宜的产品。

The inflation wave that crested at a 40-year high last year and remains elevated has eroded U.S. households' sense of financial security, the Federal Reserve reported Monday, with many saying they had reduced their savings to make ends meet, felt less secure about retirement, and had delayed purchases or swapped into cheaper products as they shopped.
美联储5月22日表示，美国通胀率在2022年创下近40年来的新高，通胀高企削弱了美国家庭的财务安全感。许多民众称，他们不得不减少储蓄维持生计，对退休生活感到不安，并暂缓购买一些商品或选购更便宜的产品。

In an annual survey showing the corrosive effects of inflation on Americans' economic confidence, the Fed said the percentage of respondents who said they were doing "at least okay financially" in 2022 tumbled by 5 percentage points - the most since the survey was launched a decade ago - to 73%. The Fed launched the "Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking" in 2013.
美联储发起的“家庭经济和决策年度调查”显示，73%的受访者认为2022年“财务状况过得去”，同比下降5%。创下了自十年前启动该调查以来的最大降幅。该调查自2013年启动，研究通胀对美国人经济信心的消极影响。

The share of those saying they were worse off shot up 15 points to 35%, the highest level by far since the Fed first started asking that question in 2014. 
35%的受访者表示个人财务状况恶化，飙升15%。这是自2014年美联储首次提出该问题以来的最高水平。

Those who considered their retirement savings "on track" fell to 31% among those not yet retired, compared to 40% in 2021.
在尚未退休的人群中，认为自己的退休储蓄“正常”的人降至31%，而2021年这一比例为40%。

The survey also suggested Americans' souring mood about their own finances carried over to their view of the national economy.
调查还表明，美国人对个人财务状况的不满情绪蔓延到对美国经济的认识上。

Even though the unemployment rate has been low, below 4%, since January of 2022, only 18% of respondents rated the national economy as "good" or "excellent," down from 50% as of 2019.
尽管美国失业率持续处于低位（低于4%），但自2022年1月以来，只有18%的受访者认为美国经济“良好”或“优秀”，低于2019年的50%。

The survey was conducted in October, and the results included responses from a representative sample of 11,775 people.
这项调查于2022年10月进行，受访者包括11775人。

Annual inflation as measured by the Consumer Price Index peaked at 9.1% last summer, the highest since the early 1980s, and remains elevated now at 4.9%. 
2022年夏天，美国以消费者价格指数衡量的通胀年率达到9.1%的峰值，为20世纪80年代初以来的最高水平，目前仍保持在4.9%的高位。

Fifty-four percent of adults said that their budgets had been affected "a lot" by price increases, with parents of children under 18, Black and Latin American adults and those with disabilities ranking among the most likely to report an impact from inflation.
54%的成年人表示，他们的预算受到了物价上涨的“巨大”影响，18岁以下儿童的父母、黑人和拉丁美洲成年人以及残疾人是最可能受高通胀影响的人群。

Indeed, overall one-third of households cited inflation as their main financial challenge, up more than fourfold from 2016.
事实上，总体而言，三分之一的美国家庭认为通货膨胀是他们面临的主要财务挑战，这一比例较2016年增长了四倍多。