研究：全球50岁以下人群癌症发病率三十年间增长近80%

近日，由浙江大学和苏格兰爱丁堡大学领导的一个国际科学家团队研究了204个国家29种癌症在所有14岁至49岁人群中的发病率，结果发现，2019年50岁以下人群癌症发病率比1990年增加了79%。死亡病例最多的是乳腺癌，其次是气管癌、肺癌、胃癌和肠癌。死亡病例增长最快的是肾癌或卵巢癌。科学家称，遗传只是因素之一，饮食习惯、生活习惯等也是促成因素，环境因素的影响程度尚不清楚。

The number of under-50s worldwide being diagnosed with cancer has risen by nearly 80% in three decades, according to the largest study of its kind.
一项同类型最大规模研究发现，全球50岁以下被诊断患有癌症的人数在三十年内增加了近80%。 

Global cases of early onset cancer increased from 1.82 million in 1990 to 3.26 million in 2019, while cancer deaths of adults in their 40s, 30s or younger grew by 27%. More than a million under-50s a year are now dying of cancer, the research reveals.
全球早发癌症病例从1990年的182万例增加到2019年的326万例，而40岁、30岁或以下成年人群的癌症死亡病例增长了27%。研究显示，目前50岁以下死于癌症的人群每年超100万。

Experts are still in the early stages of understanding the reasons behind the rise in cases. The authors of the study, published in BMJ Oncology, say poor diets, alcohol and tobacco use, physical inactivity and obesity are likely to be among the factors.
对癌症病例上升的原因的研究仍处于早期阶段。该研究发表在《英国医学杂志·肿瘤学》，研究人员表示，不良饮食、酗酒吸烟、缺乏运动和肥胖可能是风险因素。

“Since 1990, the incidence and deaths of early onset cancers have substantially increased globally,” the report says. “Encouraging a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet, the restriction of tobacco and alcohol consumption and appropriate outdoor activity, could reduce the burden of early onset cancer.”
报告称：“自1990年以来，全球早发癌症的发病率和死亡人数大幅增加。提倡健康的生活方式，健康饮食、限制吸烟饮酒以及适当的户外活动，可以降低早发癌症的风险。”

Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of cancer in adults under the age of 50 has been rising in various parts of the world over the last few decades. The latest study, led by the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, China, was the first of its kind to examine the issue on a global scale and the risk factors for younger adults.
此前研究表明，在过去几十年中，世界各地50岁以下成年人的癌症发病率一直在上升。这项由苏格兰爱丁堡大学和中国浙江大学医学院领导的最新研究，是首次全球范围内就探究早发癌症问题以及年轻人的风险因素所进行的研究。

In this global study, researchers analysed data from 204 countries covering 29 types of cancer.
在这项全球研究中，研究人员分析了204个国家29种癌症的数据。

They looked at new cases, deaths, health consequences and contributory risk factors for all those aged 14 to 49 to estimate changes between 1990 and 2019.
研究了14至49岁人群中的新增病例、死亡病例、健康危害和致病风险因素，评估1990年至2019年间的变化趋势。

In 2019, new cancer diagnoses among under-50s totaled 3.26 million, an increase of 79% on the 1990 figure. Breast cancer accounted for the largest number of cases and associated deaths, at 13.7 and 3.5 for every 100,000 of the global population respectively.
2019年，50岁以下人群中新发癌症病例总数为326万，比1990年增加79%。乳腺癌病例和相关死亡人数最多，分别为全球每10万人口13.7例和3.5例。

Cases of early onset windpipe and prostate cancers rose the fastest between 1990 and 2019, with estimated annual percentage changes of 2.28% and 2.23% respectively. At the other end of the spectrum, cases of early onset liver cancer fell by an estimated 2.88% a year.
1990年至2019年，早发气管癌和前列腺癌的病例增长最快，估计每年分别增长2.28%和2.23%。另一方面，早发肝癌的发病率估计每年下降2.88%。

A total of 1.06 million under-50s died of cancer in 2019, an increase of 27% on the 1990 figure. After breast cancer, the highest death tolls were linked to windpipe, lung, stomach and bowel cancers. The steepest increases in deaths were among people with kidney or ovarian cancer.
2019年，共有106万50岁以下的人死于癌症，比1990年增加了27%。死亡病例最多的是乳腺癌，其次是气管癌、肺癌、胃癌和肠癌。死亡病例增长最快的是肾癌或卵巢癌。

Based on the observed trends for the past three decades, the researchers estimate that the global number of new early onset cancer cases and associated deaths will rise by a further 31% and 21% respectively by 2030, with people in their 40s the most at risk.
根据过去三十年的观察趋势，研究人员估计，到2030年，全球新发癌症早发癌症病例和相关死亡人数将分别增加31%和21%，其中40多岁的人面临风险最大。

Genetic factors are likely to have a role, the researchers said. But diets high in red meat and salt and low in fruit and milk, along with alcohol and tobacco use, are the main risk factors underlying the most common cancers among under-50s, with physical inactivity, excess weight and high blood sugar contributory factors, the data indicates.
研究人员说，遗传因素可能起到一定作用。但数据显示，高红肉、高盐、少水果和牛奶的饮食，以及吸烟喝酒、缺乏运动、超重和高血糖是50岁以下人群中最常见癌症的主要风险因素。