BBC news 2009-07-15 加文本

1.Profits by the leading American investment bank Goldman Sachs have gone up by a third for the three months to June, far exceeding expectations.

这句话的主干是Profits have gone up by a third。by a third指的是增加的量。for the three months to June是时间状语。far exceeding expectations是现在分词做结果状语。

2.Details of the bank's performance were keenly awaited as a sign of whether massive bailouts for the financial sector have put it on course for recovering.

这句话的主干是Details were keenly awaited as a sign。后面是whether引导的介词of的宾语从句。

3.The authorities have blamed the cartel for a number of what they said were reprisal attacks on police stations and also a hotel where federal police were staying, using guns and grenades.

what they said were reprisal attacks是介词of的宾语从句。

what引导从句的情况无处不在。

一.引导主语从句

　　1)What we need is moretime.(what做need的宾语)我们所需要的是更多的时间.2)Whatreally matters is that shewore a pair of

whiteshoes.(what做matters的主语)真正麻烦的是她穿了一双白鞋.

　　二.引导宾语从句

　　1)People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when lifewasvery different from what itistoday.(what做从句中is的表语)很久以前当生活与现在的生活完全不同时，人们或许更诚实.2)People haveheardwhat the President has said;they are waiting to see what hewilldo.(what分别做动词heard和see的宾语)人们已经听到了总统所说的；他们正等着看总统会做什么.

　　三.引导表语从句

　　1)Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is justwhatworries the public.(what做从句中的主语)是否能找到阻止污染的方法就是所令民众担心的事儿.2)Thatiswhat I want to tell you.(what做从句中的宾语)那就是我想告诉你的事儿.3)The littlegirlis no longer what she used tobe.(what做从句中的表语)这个小女孩不再是过去的样子了.

　　四.引导同位语从句

　　1)They have no idea at all what he isworkingon.(what做从句的宾语)他们一点儿都不知道他正在做什么.2)You have no idea whatIsuffered.(what做从句的宾语)你不知道我所遭受的痛苦.通过以上例句及解释我们可以得出：what常用来引导名词性从句，即主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句.what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“什么”，“所…的”，“…的样子”等.二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定做成分，而且常做主语，宾语或表语.

4.It's believed to be rare for Israeli naval ships to use the canal, although the Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit says it's entirely legal.

It is+adj.+of sb. +to do sth 与It is +adj.+for sb.+to do sth的区别。

It is+adj.+of sb. +to do sth中的adj.跟sb.有关,
这个adj.是用来形容sb.的,
表示某人这么做真是太adj.了．
你会发现在这个句型中你把sb.和adj.提出来可以造个句sb. is(are) adj.
如It‘s very kind of you to help me.
把里面的sb.和adj.提出来可以发现you are kind是说得通的.

而It is +adj.+for sb.+to do sth表示做某事对某人来说很adj.
这里的adj.是do sth.的属性
里面的sb.跟adj.没有直接联系
如It‘s difficult for you to deal with the problem.