BBC news 2009-09-12 加文本

1.The trouble began on Thursday when the Ugandan government stopped the Kapaka from visiting an area of his kingdom containing an ethnic minority which has rejected his authority.

参考翻译：冲突的起因是卡帕卡被乌干达政府禁止访问包含少数民主的地区，该少数民族曾否认他的权势。

结构分析：这句话的主干是The trouble began on Thursday.when引导的是定语从句，修饰Thursday，对事情做补充说明。stop sb from doing sth，阻止某人做某事。containing an ethnic minority是现在分词做后置定语，修饰kingdom。which has rejected his authority是定语从句，修饰ethnic minority。

2.But the once impenetrable ice that prevented ships travelling along the northern Russian coast has been retreating rapidly because of global warming in recent decades.

参考翻译：但是，由于近几十年来的全球变暖，曾经阻止船只沿俄罗斯北部海岸航行的冰面迅速消退。

结构分析：这句话的主干是But the once impenetrable ice has been retreating.that prevented ships是定语从句，修饰ice。prevent from表示阻止某人做某事，from可以省略。because of global warming in recent decades表示原因。

3.Some of the Muslim youths who are trying to prevent the demonstration by a group calling itself "Stop the Islamization of Europe" have been throwing bricks and bottles at the police.

参考翻译：伦敦警方在一清真寺外与大量穆斯林年轻人发生冲突。“防止欧洲伊斯兰化”右翼示威者计划在这里集会，纪念9.11恐怖袭击事件八周年。穆斯林年轻人试图阻止这次示威活动，他们向警察投掷砖头和瓶子。

结构分析：这句话的主干是Some of the Muslim youths have been throwing bricks and bottles at the police.who are trying to是定语从句，修饰Muslim youths。a group calling itself，calling是现在分词做后置定语，修饰group。

4.President Hugo Chavez, who is visiting Spain, said he expected Venezuela to become one of the five biggest gas producers in the world given the rate of discoveries.

参考翻译：正在访问西班牙的委内瑞拉总统查韦斯称，按照现在的开采率，委内瑞拉将跻身世界五个最大的天然气生产国之列。

语法：given，provided

given引导条件句

given与provided意思一样,表示“如果有……,则……”,
但两者的区别是provided后面只能跟that引导从句,而不能跟名词或名词性短语。而given后既可跟从句,又可跟名词性短语。