正文
BBC news 2009-12-07 加文本
too to
在英语中,结构“too……to”为一固定句型,too后加adj或adv原形,too=more than enough表“过分之意”,to后加动词原形,一起构成动词不定短语作结果状语。该短语常用来表示否定意义,译作“太而不能” “太……以致于不能”此时句中的谓语不可用否定式,因不定式已表达了否定意义。
eg. He is too young to join the army 。
他太小了而不能参军
He reached the station too late to catch the train。
他到车站太晚了,没有赶上那趟火车
The girl felt too sick to go to school。
The woman is too old to carry thd box。
另外,该短语也可用来表示肯定的意义:
当个别adj,如pleased、glad、anxious、eager、easy、ready等跟在too后时或当“too∙∙∙to∙∙∙”前加上not,but,all,only,nerver等词时,则后面的不定式短语往往有肯定意义,即整个短语不表示否定意义,too表示“十分、极其”意思。
eg. She is too (=very)anxious to know the answer
He is too eager to join the Youth League
The headmaster is too easy to get along with (校长非常平易近人 )
You are nerver too old to learn (活到老学到老)
He is only too pleased to help her(他只是太高兴了,才去帮她)
此时,在这种结构中,有时可以省去后面的不定式,eg The cap is too big for me (省去to wear) 有时,句未的不定式可以换用一个介词短语,eg. The meat is too hard for eating(=to eat)。
2.However, correspondents say that even with the new law, it’s not clear if a parliamentary election can take place in January as planned.
it在这里做形式主语,指代的是后面if引导的句子。
as的用法总结:
一)as作副词,表示程度,意为“同样地”。在“as...as...”,“not as...as...”结构中的第一个as是副词,作“和/与...(不)一样”解。eg:
Jack is as tall as his father.杰克和他的父亲一样高。
He doesn't speak English as/so fluently as you.他的英语说得不如你流利。
二)as作介词。
1.作“如,像”解。eg:
They got united as one man.他们团结得像一个人一样。
2.作“充当,作为”解。eg:
As a writer,he was famous.作为作家,他是很有名的。
三)as作连词,常用来连接主句和状语从句。
1.引导时间状语从句,作“当...的时候”解,有“随着...”之意,与while意义相近,强调两个动作同时发生;或某事一发生,另一事立即发生。eg:
He shouted aloud as her ran along.他一边往前跑,一边高声地呼喊。
I was startled as he opened the door.他一开门,我吓了一跳。
as作连词,相当于when。eg;
As a little boy (When he was a little boy)he began to learn to play piano.他小时候就开始学弹钢琴。
2.引导原因状语从句,作“因为,由于”解,与because的用法相近。eg;
I must stop writing now,as I have rather a lot of work to do.我必须停笔了,因为我还有许多工作要做。
3.引导方式状语从句或比较状语从句,作“正如,(如)像”解。例eg:
As in your country,we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.正如(像)你们国家一样,我们在北方种小麦,在南方种大米。(方式状语从句)
When at Rome,do as Romans do.入乡随俗。(方式状语从句)
4.引导让步状语从句,作“虽然,尽管”解。这时从句常用倒装语序,即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as之前。eg;
Strange as it may seem,it is true.尽管这事看上去很奇怪,但却是真的。
Try as he might,Tom could not get out of the difficulties.不管怎样努力,汤姆还是摆脱不了困境。
四)as作关系代词。
1.引导限制性定语从句,用在“such...as”,“the same...as”,“as...as”等结构中,常译作“像...一样的人(或物)”,“凡是...的人(或物)”。例eg:
He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.他曾希望做一个像雷锋那样的人。
My hometown is no longer the same as it was.我的家乡再也不像过去一样了。
2.引导非限制性定语从句,用来指代它前面的整个句子(即先行句),意思是“这一点”。这个分句可以位于句首、句中或句末。eg:
As is well known,oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.我们知道,海洋占地球面积的百分之七十以上。