正文
BBC news 2010-05-14 加文本
倍数比较
“翻一番”或“为…的两倍”。3倍常用three times, triple, threefold表示,译为“增加2倍,增至三倍”或“为…的3倍”。4倍用
quadruple,基数词+times,基数词+fold表示,译为“增加3倍,增至4倍”或“为…的4倍”。例如:
He earned double the usual wage in holiday. 他在假期里挣了比平时多1倍的工资。
This bridge is as long again as that bridge. 这座大桥的长度是那座大桥的2倍。
They have produced four-fold as many laptops as they did last year.他们今年生产的笔记本电脑相当于去年的4倍。
Their grains have trebled (tripled) this year. 他们的粮食今年增加了2倍(是…的三倍)。
1) 主语+谓语+ X times + as + adj. + as
这个句型译为:① A…是B的X倍(或净增加X-1倍).
例如:This pen (A) is twice as expensive as that pen (B).
这只钢笔(A)的价格是那只钢笔(B)的2倍。(即A比B贵一倍)
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。(我的比你的多两倍)
This box is four times as heavy as that box. 这个盒子比那个盒子重4倍。
2)主语+谓语+ X times+ the size (amount, width, breadth, level, value, velocity, length…) of…
这个句型表示净增加“1倍,是…的2倍”例如:
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球大小的49倍。
3)主语+谓语+ X times + 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
这个句型表示的数为净增加数。例如:
The grain output is one time higher this year than that of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加一倍。
4)还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
2.Soldiers in the Thai capital Bangkok have opened fire on anti-government protesters during an operation to seal off an area which the demonstrators have made their base.
这句话的主干是:Soldiers in the Thai capital Bangkok have opened fire.during an operation是地点状语。to seal off是动词不定式做后置定语,修饰operation。which the demonstrators have made their base是定语从句,修饰area。
3.He says that he believes that those detained may have provided funds for the only person so far arrested in connection with the attempted bombing, Faisal Shehzad, an American man of Pakistani origin.
may have provided对过去表示猜测
情态动词表示猜测的用法:
在英语的情态动词中,只有can(及其否定形式 can't),could(及其形式couldn't),may,might,must可用来表示猜测。下面是这些表示猜测的情态动词的用法及举例:
(一)can用来表示"可能"的猜测
1.can可用来表示"理论上的可能性",用来表示事件或情况在理论上可能发生,并不牵涉到是否真的会发生。在这种用法中can只能与动词
原形连用。
2.can可用来表示现实的可能性,但只能用在疑问句之中,可与动词原形或不定式的完成式连用。
2.1.Who can that be at the door?(门外会是谁?)
2.2.Can it be Susan?(她会上哪儿去了呢?)
(二)can't和couldn't表示"不可能"的猜测,在这种用法中can't和couldn't用法相同,只是couldn't的语气更弱。下面以can't为例:
1.对现在存在的状态的"不可能"的猜测:
1.1.It can't be true.(这不可能是真的。)
1.2.He can't be Mike's father.(他不可能是迈克的爸爸。)
1.3.She can't be more than thirty.(她不可能超过三十岁。)
2.对正在发生的动作或行为的"不可能"的猜测:(can't + be + 动词的现在分词)
2.1.He can't be watching TV at home.I met him at school a moment ago.(他不可能在家看电视,我刚在学校见过他。)
2.2.He can't be sleeping in his bedroom.I saw him go out.(他不可能在卧室睡觉,我看见
他出去了。)
3.对过去的动作或行为的"不可能"的猜测:(can't + have + 动词过去分词)
3.1.She can't have gone to school.It is Saturday.(她不可能上学去了,今天是星期六。)
3.2.They can't have gone out because the light is on.(他们不可能已经出去了,因为灯还开着。)
(三)may和might常用来谈论可能性:某事可能将发生,某事可能正在发生和某事已经发生。might所表示的可能性要比may所表示的可能
性弱一些,但用法相同,下面以may的用法举例:
1.may用来表示某事可能将发生:(may + 动词原形)
1.1.He may go climbing in the Alps next summer.(明年夏天他可能去阿尔卑斯山。)
1.2.They may come to visit us this summer.(他们可能今年夏天来看望我们。)
2.may用来表示对现在存在的状态可能性的猜测:(may + be + 其他成分)
2.1.He may be engaged.(他可能很忙。)
2.2.It may be a new species.(这可能是个新的品种。)
2.3.I'm only afraid I may be bored.(我只害怕我可能会觉得无聊。)
3.may用来表示某事可能正在发生:(may + be + 动词的现在分词)
3.1.They may be sleeping because we can hear no sound in their room.(他们可能正在房间里睡觉,国为我们听到任何声音。)
3.2.He may be doing his homework.Don't disturb him.(他可能正在做作业,别打扰他。)
4.may用来表示某事已经发生:(may + have + 动词的过去分词)
4.1.You may have read some account of the matter.(关于这件事你可能已经听过一些描述
了。)
4.2.Mathews may have written that letter.(马修斯可能已写了那封信。)
注:may和might表示"可能"时一般不用于疑问句。表达疑问时要用别的说法。例如:
Is it likely to rain,do you think?(错误的句子是:May it rain?)
表示否定时要用can't或couldn't("不可能")。
(四)must用来表示"肯定"的猜测:
1.must用来表示对现在的动作或状态的"肯定"的猜测:
1.1.Judging by the smell,the food must be good.(从气味来判断,这食物肯定很好吃。)
1.2.It's a quarter past three.He must be in by now.(现在已是三点一刻了,他肯定已到家
了。)
1.3.I'm always running into him,he must live neat here.(我总是遇见他,他肯定就住在附
近。)
1.4.Mary must have some problem.She keeps crying.(玛丽肯定有什么问题,她一直在哭。)
2.对正在进行的动作的"肯定"的猜测:
2.1.You must be joking.(你肯定在开玩笑。)
2.2.If she is borrowing money,she must be getting into debt.(如果她在借钱,她肯定陷入
债务当中了。)
2.3.His progress indicates that he must be working hard.(他的进步表明他正在努力。)
3.对过去动作的"肯定"的猜测:
3.1.He must have arrived by air.(他肯定已乘机到达了。)
3.2.He must have received my letter.(他肯定已收到我的信了。)
3.3.His watch must have stopped.I'll go and call him.(他的表肯定已停了,我去叫他。)