BBC news 2010-08-31 加文本

1.The current American policy is to ratchet up economic sanctions against the North and carry out joint American-South Korean naval exercises.

ratchet up（一步步地）增加；渐进

例句：The Europeans say they accept that it may be necessary to ratchet up sanctions against the regime in Tehran.
      欧洲领导人说，他们认为，也许有必要加强对德黑兰当局的制裁。

2.Last month, their junior officers publicly accused them of having links with organized crime.

accuse of指责, 控告

例句：She accused the official of corruption.
      她指控这位官员腐败。

      They accused the police of brutality.
      他们谴责警察的野蛮行为。

3.More than a fortnight after strikes have seen state hospitals thrown into turmoil and high school exams cancelled, an end could be in sight.

in sight看得见,在视线内

例句：There wasn't a sail in sight.
      一条船也看不见。

4.The Japan Sumo Association has announced that known members of criminal gangs will be excluded from all its events, and says new surveillance cameras will be installed at Tokyo's largest sumo venue to improve security.

exclude from把…排斥〔排除〕于…之外

例句：We can exclude the possibility of total loss from our calculations.
      我们可以在预测中把彻底失败的可能性排除在外。

      The university had no right to exclude the student from the examination.
       学校无权阻止这位学生参加考试。