正文
BBC news 2010-12-03 加文本
may have对过去表示猜测
情态动词表示猜测的用法:
在英语的情态动词中,只有can(及其否定形式 can't),could(及其形式couldn't),may,might,must可用来表示猜测。下面是这些表示猜测的情态动词的用法及举例:
(一)can用来表示"可能"的猜测
1.can可用来表示"理论上的可能性",用来表示事件或情况在理论上可能发生,并不牵涉到是否真的会发生。在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用。
2.can可用来表示现实的可能性,但只能用在疑问句之中,可与动词原形或不定式的完成式连用。
2.1.Who can that be at the door?(门外会是谁?)
2.2.Can it be Susan?(她会上哪儿去了呢?)
(二)can't和couldn't表示"不可能"的猜测,在这种用法中can't和couldn't用法相同,只是couldn't的语气更弱。下面以can't为例:
1.对现在存在的状态的"不可能"的猜测:
1.1.It can't be true.(这不可能是真的。)
1.2.He can't be Mike's father.(他不可能是迈克的爸爸。)
1.3.She can't be more than thirty.(她不可能超过三十岁。)
2.对正在发生的动作或行为的"不可能"的猜测:(can't + be + 动词的现在分词)
2.1.He can't be watching TV at home.I met him at school a moment ago.(他不可能在家看电视,我刚在学校见过他。)
2.2.He can't be sleeping in his bedroom.I saw him go out.(他不可能在卧室睡觉,我看见
他出去了。)
3.对过去的动作或行为的"不可能"的猜测:(can't + have + 动词过去分词)
3.1.She can't have gone to school.It is Saturday.(她不可能上学去了,今天是星期六。)
3.2.They can't have gone out because the light is on.(他们不可能已经出去了,因为灯还开着。)
(三)may和might常用来谈论可能性:某事可能将发生,某事可能正在发生和某事已经发生。might所表示的可能性要比may所表示的可能性弱一些,但用法相同,下面以may的用法举例:
1.may用来表示某事可能将发生:(may + 动词原形)
1.1.He may go climbing in the Alps next summer.(明年夏天他可能去阿尔卑斯山。)
1.2.They may come to visit us this summer.(他们可能今年夏天来看望我们。)
2.may用来表示对现在存在的状态可能性的猜测:(may + be + 其他成分)
2.1.He may be engaged.(他可能很忙。)
2.2.It may be a new species.(这可能是个新的品种。)
2.3.I'm only afraid I may be bored.(我只害怕我可能会觉得无聊。)
3.may用来表示某事可能正在发生:(may + be + 动词的现在分词)
3.1.They may be sleeping because we can hear no sound in their room.(他们可能正在房间里睡觉,国为我们听到任何声音。)
3.2.He may be doing his homework.Don't disturb him.(他可能正在做作业,别打扰他。)
4.may用来表示某事已经发生:(may + have + 动词的过去分词)
4.1.You may have read some account of the matter.(关于这件事你可能已经听过一些描述
了。)
4.2.Mathews may have written that letter.(马修斯可能已写了那封信。)
注:may和might表示"可能"时一般不用于疑问句。表达疑问时要用别的说法。例如:
Is it likely to rain,do you think?(错误的句子是:May it rain?)
表示否定时要用can't或couldn't("不可能")。
(四)must用来表示"肯定"的猜测:
1.must用来表示对现在的动作或状态的"肯定"的猜测:
1.1.Judging by the smell,the food must be good.(从气味来判断,这食物肯定很好吃。)
1.2.It's a quarter past three.He must be in by now.(现在已是三点一刻了,他肯定已到家
了。)
1.3.I'm always running into him,he must live neat here.(我总是遇见他,他肯定就住在附
近。)
1.4.Mary must have some problem.She keeps crying.(玛丽肯定有什么问题,她一直在哭。)
2.对正在进行的动作的"肯定"的猜测:
2.1.You must be joking.(你肯定在开玩笑。)
2.2.If she is borrowing money,she must be getting into debt.(如果她在借钱,她肯定陷入
债务当中了。)
2.3.His progress indicates that he must be working hard.(他的进步表明他正在努力。)
3.对过去动作的"肯定"的猜测:
3.1.He must have arrived by air.(他肯定已乘机到达了。)
3.2.He must have received my letter.(他肯定已收到我的信了。)
3.3.His watch must have stopped.I'll go and call him.(他的表肯定已停了,我去叫他。)