人类文明的发展

Years ago, I sat occasionally in the company of a few scholars who had concluded that man as a creature is slowly getting worse, moving downwards from an older and a better state towards a poorer one. I could not agree with them. To me, mankind, a vast family of creatures, is growing inevitably towards a state of civilization.

I believe that in time long past, there started among us an appetite for understanding and fairness. We began to learn mercy, to love others, to seek truth, to inquire after knowledge, and to find contentment in the song of a bird, or the shape of a hill against the sky. We began to look for justice in the government of our affairs, to tell about the meanings of our life together, to laugh at our follies. And we began to make things that would contain some of the meanings we found and hold them in words or paint or stone.

How this craving for civilization started I do not claim to know. I do not expect it to be satisfied by any contrivance, or imagine it to be the special property of any group or any race. I cannot link my own belief in it to the revelation of a single event. Somehow the belief came, it stays, and it furnishes me with a constant motive for work and for existence.

I have to admit that man’s growth toward civilization looks slow and unsteady. At moments, whole nations seem to fall back, their people fret for deliverance from selfish fears. They pay homage to persons who have snatched power for themselves, all manner of tyrants, and people beg them for comfort and for peace. But when I look beyond the weak spots, I can notice those men who pursue knowledge for the common benefit, or labor for sound structures rather than for gain, or fight and die—not for praise or possessions but for the freedom of others. These are not strange or distant to men.

A friend of mine talked over the fence one day with a farmer in the stony hills of New Hampshire. My friend said, “There must be a lot of drudgery on a place like this.” And the farmer answered him, “Work ain’t drudgery if you’re building something.” That, I believe, is it—to build something: a farm on a hillside, a home, a mill, a congenial neighborhood, an explanation of natural laws, a cure for ills, a comedy, a record of history, a poem, an altar. To be of such works is to move on the way to civilization, and it must be a way without end.

Although they might wander off, men come back to works like these and back to the way of civilization. I believe they always will. At such tasks they are free from strife, they are calm in the awareness that although the partial of a man’s life is small, the grandeur of men’s growth is infinite. An old saying goes, “He who sustains all the calamities of the country can be the king of the world;” and another: “The meek shall inherit the Earth.” This I believe.