《金融时报》首份女性MBA排行榜出炉

An MBA is a fast ticket to the big time. On average, those who complete a course with a top school can expect to earn six-figure salaries three years after graduation. But despite generous scholarships and campaigns to encourage them to apply, women are a minority on prestigious business school courses.

MBA学位是通向事业成功的直达车票。平均而言，完成某所顶级商学院MBA课程的学生，可以期望在毕业三年后获得六位数的年薪。但在知名商学院课程中，女性仍是少数，尽管有各种慷慨的奖学金和活动鼓励她们申请。

Four in 10 applicants on two-year, full-time MBAs in 2017 were women, compared with 33 per cent in 2013, according to the Graduate Management Admission Council. But women’s growing interest in business education has not led to more diverse MBA cohorts. Five years ago, women accounted for a third of students on the top 100 MBA programmes ranked by the Financial Times. Today, the figure has barely budged.

管理学研究生入学委员会（Graduate Management Admission Council，简称GMAC）的数据显示，2017年，两年制全日制MBA课程的10名申请者中有4名是女性，而2013年的比例为33%。但是，女性对商科教育兴趣上升，并没有带来更为多元化的MBA学员群体。五年前，在英国《金融时报》评选的排名前100的MBA课程中，女性占三分之一。如今，这个数字几乎没有变化。

The average cost of an MBA is $100,000 plus an average opportunity cost, or the income lost from not working, of $103,000, FT data show. Given that women’s salaries on average were 91 per cent of their male peers before joining MBA programmes ranked by outcomes for women, saving up the cost of such personal investment is a greater sacrifice for women.

英国《金融时报》数据显示，MBA课程的平均成本为10万美元外加10.3万美元的平均机会成本（即放弃工作造成的收入损失）。考虑到女性在就读MBA课程之前平均工资水平为男性同龄人的91%，为负担这种个人投资的成本而存钱对女性而言是更大的牺牲。

And there is evidence to suggest that an MBA exaggerates the gender pay gap: three years after graduation women on average made 86 per cent of their male peers’ pay, the data reveal.

还有证据似乎表明，MBA学位会拉大性别工资差距。数据显示：毕业三年后，平均而言女性的薪酬为男性同学的86%。

Women receive a lower return on investment, says Elissa Ellis Sangster, executive director of Forte Foundation, a consortium of business schools and companies trying to improve women’s access to business education. But, she adds, “the return will still be high”.

复地基金会是一个由商学院和企业组成的团体，旨在改善女性获得商科教育的渠道。其执行总监爱丽萨.埃利斯.桑斯特(Elissa Ellis Sangster)表示，妇女的投资回报较低。但她补充说，“回报还是很高的”。

Either way, women need to know that their investment is going to pay off. That means taking into account which MBA will help them counter future pay discrimination, and which schools are best at teaching and developing their female graduates while promoting them to employers.

无论如何，女性需要知道她们的投资将会带来回报。这意味着要考虑哪些MBA课程将有助于她们反制未来的薪酬歧视，哪些商学院最善于对女性学员执教，培养她们，在她们毕业时把她们推介给雇主。

The FT’s Global MBA ranking, published in January, does not capture whether women do as well as their male peers on graduation. That is why, for the first time, the FT has ranked business schools according to their outcomes for women — and the results are significantly different.

英国《金融时报》在1月份发表的全球MBA排行榜，并没有说明女学员在毕业后的去向是否像男学员一样好。这就是为什么英国《金融时报》首次根据女学员的毕业后表现对商学院进行排名-而结果有显著不同。

The top MBAs for women ranking tells us at which schools women perform best, and where there seems to be a gap between the outcomes of male and female graduates.

最有利于女性的MBA课程排行榜告诉我们，哪些商学院的女性在毕业后表现最好，而哪些商学院的男女学员在毕业后表现上似乎存在差距。

Some schools that rank in the mid-range of the Global MBA ranking shoot to the top in this new ranking. Most of those are based in China, including Shanghai Jiao Tong: Antai, which tops the list.

在全球MBA排行榜上居于中流的一些学校，在新榜单上名列前茅。其中多数商学院位于中国，包括摘得桂冠的上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院。

Emily Jin graduates from Antai’s part-time MBA programme in May. She says Chinese women’s interest in business education is growing as they get richer. “Especially in Shanghai, women are more and more independent and decide to spend their own money to develop themselves,” says Ms Jin.

Emily Jin在去年5月毕业于安泰的兼职MBA课程。她表示，随着中国女性变得更加富裕，她们对商科教育的兴趣越来越浓厚。“特别是在上海，女性越来越独立，她们决定花自己的钱来发展自己。”Jin女士说。

Originally from Fuzhou in southern China, Ms Jin has worked in Shanghai for many years. She chose to study for an MBA in order to develop her network and switch from a career in marketing to a more innovative area, perhaps artificial intelligence, she says.

Jin女士来自中国南方的福州，已在上海工作多年。她表示，她选择攻读MBA学位以发展自己的人脉，并从市场营销转行到某个更加创新的领域，也许是人工智能。

Why study part-time? “I have a son, and so I needed the flexibility to keep working,” she says.

为什么要兼职学习？“我有一个儿子，所以我需要继续工作的灵活性，”她说。

Four Chinese schools make the top 50. So what do Chinese business schools do differently that works for women? The answer lies in the workplace, says Mantian Wang, director of Antai’s International MBA programme. Although Chinese society encourages women to start a family at an early age, women are also offered equal opportunities at work — and they grab them.

四所中国商学院进入榜单的前50名。那么，中国商学院在哪些方面做法不同，使自己对女性比较有用？安泰的国际MBA项目主任王漫天表示，答案在于工作场所。虽然中国社会鼓励女性早要孩子，但女性在职场也享有平等的机会-而她们会抓住这些机会。

“We provide flexibility to our students on a case-by-case basis,” Ms Wang adds, pointing out that women are more likely to ask for flexible schedules to spend time with their families. “But we also have a tradition of grandparents helping out a lot with the family.”

“我们根据具体情况为学员提供灵活性。”Wang女士补充道。她指出，女性更有可能要求灵活的课程表，以便有时间陪伴家人。“但是我们也有祖辈帮助小家庭的传统。”

The new ranking also sheds light on which business education providers really work for women. In the methodology, alumna salaries three years after graduation — both the absolute figure and increase — were given a weight of 15 per cent each.

新的排行榜还揭示了哪些商科教育提供商真正有利于女性。在我们所用的方法中，毕业三年后的校友工资-绝对数字和涨幅-分别得到15%的权重。

We considered other criteria, such as gender balance among students and faculty, and the extent to which female graduates say they achieved their goals.

我们考虑了其他标准，例如学员和师资的性别平衡，以及女性毕业生表示她们实现自己目标的程度。

But success for women is not just about take-home pay. It is also about the difference in pay after graduation. So we measured the average female graduate salary as a proportion of the average male salary after three years in the workplace, and gave that criteria equal weight.

但是，对女性来说，成功不仅仅关乎到手的薪酬。它也关乎毕业后薪酬的差异。因此，我们将工作三年后女性毕业生的平均年薪作为男性平均年薪的一个比例来衡量，并给予这个指标相同权重。