如何控制青少年接触成人片？

In a paper entitled Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material, Oxford Internet Institute researchers Victoria Nash and Andrew Przybylski found that Internet filters rarely work to keep adolescents away from online porn.

牛津互联网研究所的研究人员维多利亚.纳什和安德鲁.普里比斯基发现，网络防护器很少能有效地防止青少年接触网络色情。

“It’s important to consider the efficacy of Internet filtering,” said Dr, Nash. “Internet filtering tools are expensive to develop and maintain, and can easily ‘underblock’ due to the constant development of new ways of sharing content. Additionally, there are concerns about human rights violations – filtering can lead to ‘overblocking’, where young people are not able to access legitimate health and relationship information.”

“重要的是要考虑互联网防护的功效。”纳什博士说，“它的开发和维护成本很高，而且由于共享内容的新方式的不断发展，它们也很容易‘被屏蔽掉’。此外，还可能导致年轻人无法获得正当的健康和两性关系方面的信息。”

The study’s most interesting finding was that between 17 and 77 households “would need to use Internet filtering tools in order to prevent a single young person from accessing sexual content” and even then a filter “showed no statistically or practically significant protective effects.”

这项研究最有趣的发现是，不少家庭“会需要使用互联网防护工具，来防止一个年轻人接触色情内容”，然而，其“在统计数据或者实际意义上都没有产生显著的积极作用”。

The study looked at 9,352 male and 9,357 female subjects from the EU and the UK and found that almost 50 percent of the subjects had some sort of Internet filter at home. Regardless of the filters installed, subjects still saw approximately the same amount of porn.

这项研究调查了来自欧盟和英国的9352名男性和9357名女性受试者，发现近50%的受试者家里有某种网络防护器。不管安装了什么，受试者看到的色情内容数量仍然大致相同。

“Many caregivers and policy makers consider Internet filters a useful technology for keeping young people safe online. Although this position might make intuitive sense, there is little empirical evidence that Internet filters provide an effective means to limit children’s and adolescents’ exposure to online sexual material. There are nontrivial economic, informational, and human rights costs associated with filtering that need to be balanced against any observed benefits,” wrote the researchers. “Given this, it is critical to know possible benefits can be balanced against their costs. Our studies were conducted to test this proposition, and our findings indicated that filtering does not play a practically significant protective role.”

多看护者和政策制定者认为，互联网防护器是一种确保年轻人安全上网的有用技术。尽管这一观点听上去似乎很有道理，但几乎没有实证证据表明，它是限制儿童和青少年接触网络色情材料的有效手段。研究人员写道，“我们的发现表明，防护实际上并没有起到显著的保护作用。”

Given the popularity – and lucrative nature – of filtering software this news should encourage parents and caregivers to look more closely and how and why they are filtering their home Internet. Ultimately, they might find, supervision is more important than software.

考虑到防护软件的流行度（以及谋利性质），这则新闻应该会鼓励父母和看护人更多地去思考他们如何以及为什么保护他们的家庭网络。最终，他们可能会发现，监督比软件更加重要。