高中英语人教版高二下课文06

[07:28.20]牙齿用来做项链。
[07:30.27]From about 1830 onwards in the USA,European settlers began to move westwards.
[07:34.40]美国自1830年起，加拿大从1870年左右起，殖民者开始向西迁移。
[07:38.53]Large groups of Native Americans
[07:40.50]成批的美洲土著人被迫从他们原来的狞猎场迁走。
[07:42.47]were forced to move away from their old hunting grounds.
[07:47.23]When they resisted,they were killed.
[07:49.20]他们反抗时就被杀害。
[07:51.17]There were many fierce wars between Native Americans and European settlers.
[07:54.19]美洲土著人和欧洲殖民者之间发生了很多激烈的战争。
[07:57.20]The American government made agreements with Native American chiefs
[08:00.03]殖民者同美洲土著人的首领达成了协议，
[08:02.85]but always broke them afterwards.
[08:04.77]但是随后又总是把这些协议撕毁。
[08:06.69]In this way,Native Americans were forced onto poor land
[08:09.72]就这样，
[08:12.75]that the settlers did not want.
[08:14.58]美洲土著人被赶到殖民者所不想要的贫瘠的土地上去了。
[08:16.40]The settlers built railways across the plains and began to hunt even more bison.
[08:19.94]殖民者在平原上修起了铁路，于是开始猎取更多的野牛。
[08:23.48]While early settlers had killed bison for food,
[08:25.81]早期的殖民者只是以杀野牛为食，
[08:28.13]now the killing became more widespread.
[08:30.35]这时屠野牛就更为广泛了。
[08:32.57]They killed the bison,cut off the skins and left the bodies behind to rot.
[08:35.75]他们把野牛杀死剥皮，尸体就任其腐烂。
[08:38.92]The bison skins were sent by rail to cities to be sold.
[08:41.86]野牛皮用炎车运到城里出售。
[08:44.80]Between 1850 and 1910 the bison poppulation
[08:47.78]在1850年到1910处之间，
[08:50.76]is thought to have fallen from 60 million to just a few hundred.
[08:53.98]野牛的头数从6，000万头降到只有几百头了。
[08:57.21]The killing of the bison changed the whole wildlife of the plains.
[08:59.78]屠宰野牛改变了平原上的全部野牛生物。
[09:02.35]With fewer bison,grass shoots were not eaten,
[09:04.84]野牛少了，嫩草没有牛吃了，
[09:07.32]so grass did not grow as strongly.
[09:09.30]草就长得不粗壮。
[09:11.29]Bison waste no longer fell on the ground to improve to soil,
[09:14.37]地上不再有野牛的粪便来改良土壤了。
[09:17.45]which as a result became less good for growing plants.
[09:20.18]结果用于植物生长的土壤变得不够肥沃了。
[09:22.91]The ground supported fewer plants,
[09:24.89]地上的长和植物少了。
[09:26.86]and the insects which lived on these plants died out.
[09:29.48]生活在这些植物上的昆虫就消亡了。
[09:32.11]Thee was less food for birds and also for the prairie dog,
[09:34.69]供鸟吃的食物少了，供草原犬鼠吃的食物少了。
[09:37.28]a kind of animal which lives in holes in the ground.
[09:42.14]This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.
[09:45.01]这样又影响了狼的食物供应。
[09:47.89]Thus one simple fact,a change in the number of bison,
[09:51.01]因此，出现了这样一个简单的事实
[09:54.13]had an effect on the whole wildlife chain of the plains.
[09:57.00]野牛数目的变化对平原的整个野牛生生物链都产生了影响。
[09:59.88]Integrating Skills
[10:09.23]Reading  The Trail of Tears
[10:13.96]For thousands of years,Native Americans lived as hunters in North America.
[10:20.62]there were millions of people,with many different cultures,
[10:26.57]religions and languages.
[10:30.33]In 1492,Columbus arrived in America
[10:35.69]and soon after the first European settlers followed.
[10:41.96]Native Americans were either killed or driven off their land
[10:48.02]and many died of diseases that the newcomers brought to the continent.
[10:54.08]Over the next three hundred years,
[10:58.34]ninety percent of America's original population
[11:03.90]was killed by wars,diseases or starvation.
[11:09.47]The white settlers wanted their land,
[11:13.91]and the Native Americans could not protect their homes and farms.
[11:19.78]From around 1790 to 1830,
[11:25.14]Native American tribes tried to solve the problem with the US government.
[11:31.49]Several agreements were reached,
[11:35.46]but the government broke its promises almost every time.
[11:40.60]Finally,by the 1830s,the government decided to remove the Native Americans