NPR News:土耳其政变未遂 总统展开大规模清洗

A wide crackdown is underway in Turkey following a failed coup against elected President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. More than 6,000 people have been detained as Erdogan vowed that he would eradicate what he called a virus. He also called on supporters to continue to take to the streets to watch over Turkey's democracy. At least 290 people were killed in the violence during the failed military takeover. NPR's Leila Fadel joins us now from Istanbul. Leila, welcome back. Thanks for joining us once again.
LEILA FADEL, BYLINE: Thank you.
MARTIN: Can you tell us more about these arrests?
FADEL: Well, they're being referred to as a cleansing operation. So the reaction to this failed coup has been swift and, by some critics' estimation, incredibly severe. So critics are saying that Erdogan is using this as an opportunity to go after his opponents en masse. There are top generals that have been arrested, judges, prosecutors, and they're being accused of belonging to an armed terrorist organization. Now, Erdogan himself has said that this was a gift to clean up the army. Today, he spoke at a funeral in front of hundreds of people.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN: (Foreign language spoken).
(APPLAUSE)
FADEL: So there you can hear the crowds yelling we want execution, and Erdogan responding in a democracy we can't put aside the demands of the people. So this is a situation where the punishment may go further than what the current law allows because there's no death sentence in Turkey.
在企图推翻民选总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安的政变失败后，土耳其展开了大规模清洗行动。目前已有6000余人被捕，总统埃尔多安发誓要清除“病毒”。同时，他还呼吁他的支持者继续走上街头，去维护土耳其的民主制度。暴力的未遂军事政变造成至少290人死亡。NPR新闻的莱拉·法德尔将从伊斯坦布尔和我们连线。莱拉，欢迎你。谢谢你再次和我们连线。
莱拉·法德尔连线：谢谢。
马丁：你能详细介绍一下逮捕情况吗？
法德尔：这被称为清洗行动。土耳其政府对未遂政变的反应非常迅速，一些批评人士认为政府的反应极其严苛。批评人士认为，埃尔多安是在利用这次机会追击所有对手。被捕的包括最高将领、法官、检察官，他们被控隶属于一个武装恐怖组织。现在，埃尔多安说这是一个礼物，可以借此机会整顿军队。今天，他出席了一场葬礼并面向数百名民众发表了讲话。
（录音档案）
雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安：（用外语讲话）。
（掌声）
法德尔：你可以听到民众大喊“我们要处决他们”的声音，埃尔多安回答称，在民主国家，我们不能不考虑民众的诉求。所以，被捕者所面临的惩罚可能远比目前法律规定的更严重，因为现在土耳其没有死刑。

MARTIN: Can you tell us more about the people who were killed? What accounted for so many deaths? And, as I understand it, you also just came back from a funeral. Can you tell us about that?
FADEL: So in this overnight military takeover, at one point Erdogan called for people to take to the streets and stop the tanks, and so people did. And there were fights in the streets. The police were also confronting the army. There were civilians that were shot. I went to a funeral today of a local mayor — known as a mukhtar of a neighborhood —as well as another man, a 39-year-old father of three — both civilians and both apparently shot by soldiers, according to their relatives.
And it was extremely emotional — people crying, one woman saying what a kind of coup is this that you kill civilians like this? And another woman who said, you know, I'm glad that the military takeover failed, but why did the president call on civilians to deal with a state problem, to confront soldiers in the street? The security forces should have done that. So there's a lot of fear and division, but what's really interesting is that there's really been no indication of who the dead are from the more than 100 people involved, or accused of being involved, in the coup — no funerals announced at all or names.
MARTIN: So, Leila, as was reported, Erdogan blames a cleric who is now living in the United States for being behind all this. Can you tell us any more about this person? And what is the evidence that he was involved somehow?
FADEL: He's an influential Turkish cleric named Fethullah Gulen, and he's based in Pennsylvania. And he was once an Erdogan supporter. They were allies, and now they are bitter, bitter enemies. Erdogan blames him squarely for this coup operation, but really there's been no evidence presented. And Gulen is strongly denying any involvement, but he also suggested that the whole coup could have been staged. And that is a rampant conspiracy theory among Erdogan's opponents right now, that the coup was staged in order to further empower Erdogan and to make this more of an authoritarian state under him.
MARTIN: That's NPR's Leila Fadel joining us now from Istanbul. Leila, thank you so much for speaking with us.
FADEL: Thank you.
马丁：你能详细介绍一下在政变中死亡的人吗？为什么有这么多人死亡？我知道你刚刚参加完一个葬礼。你能介绍一下吗？
法德尔：在夜间发生的军事接管期间，埃尔多安曾要求民众走上街头去阻止坦克，土耳其民众就按他的要求去做了。街上爆发了斗争。警察也在和军方对抗。有平民遭遇枪击。今天我参加了当地一名市长的葬礼，他在附近地区被称为“穆赫塔尔”，我还参加了一名39岁男子的葬礼，他是三个孩子的父亲，据他们的亲属所说，这两个人都是平民，都是被士兵枪杀的。
葬礼现场充满了伤感的气氛，人们都在哭泣，一名女性说这是一种什么样的政变，竟然要这样杀害平民？另外一名女性说，我很高兴军事接管失败了，但是为什么总统要求平民去解决国家问题，去街上对抗士兵？这本来应该是安全部队的职责。这里有很多的害怕和分歧，但是值得注意的是，政府对被控参与政变的100多名死者没有做任何说明，没有安排葬礼也没有公布姓名。
马丁：莱拉，我们此前报道过，埃尔多安指责现在生活在美国的一名神职人员组织了这一切。你能详细介绍一下这个人吗？目前有什么证据能证明他参与了政变？
法德尔：他是一名有影响力的土耳其神职人员，名为费图拉·居伦，他现在在生活在宾夕法尼亚州。他曾是埃尔多安的支持者。他们曾是盟友，现在他们是不共戴天的仇敌。埃尔多安直接指控他组织了这场政变，但是目前并没有证据能证明他的说法。居伦强烈否认有牵连，不过他也曾说过土耳其可能会发生政变。这是目前埃尔多安对手之间盛行的阴谋论，他们认为为了进一步扩大埃尔多安的权力，让土耳其进一步成为埃尔多安统治的独裁国家，可能会发生政变。
马丁：以上是NPR新闻的莱拉·法德尔从伊斯坦布尔带来的报道。莱拉，非常谢谢你。
法德尔：谢谢。