NPR News:联合国安理会通过决议 将向南苏丹增派4000名维和人员

The United Nations is planning to send 4,000 more peacekeeping troops to South Sudan after continued violence in the capital city of Juba — this despite the South Sudanese government's objection to the proposal, which was authored by the United States. South Sudan only became a country six years ago and, for three of those years, has been embroiled in a civil war. Twelve thousand U.N. troops are already there. We're joined by Nichola Mandil. He is an editor with the Eye Radio in Juba, and he joins us on Skype. Mr. Mandil, thanks for being with us.
NICHOLA MANDIL: You're welcome, sir.
SIMON: How bad is the violence?
MANDIL: Well, anybody living in Juba lives in fear, including myself. As a journalist, when I move around Juba, I don't feel safe because of rumors circulating that, any time, Juba can be attacked — any time, anything can happen. That is how the violence is. But the report we have been getting, according to government's estimate, is that more than 300 people killed.
SIMON: Mr. Mandil, I apologize for the fact that Americans may not be as familiar with this conflict as we should be. Can you help us understand what the fighting is about?
MANDIL: My own judgment is it is a personal power struggle. President Salva Kiir is in power, and Riek Machar — he has been the deputy in the party and the deputy in the government. And in 2015, Riek Machar came openly talking about his ambition to become the president of the Republic of South Sudan one day. That led to his dismissal. That is the genesis of this problem.
President Salva Kiir is from the ethnic Dinka majority, the largest tribes in South Sudan, and Riek Machar is from Nuer, the second largest tribe. And, you know, in South Sudan, these two tribes — they constitute the majority of the — of the army. That is why fighting took place with the support of these two big tribes who dominated army.
由于南苏丹首都朱巴的暴力事件仍在持续，联合国计划向南苏丹增派4000名维和士兵，这一计划由美国起草，但是遭到了南苏丹政府的反对。南苏丹在6年前才成为独立的国家，而这6年中有3年南苏丹都在进行内战。目前联合国有1.2万名维和人员驻扎在南苏丹。我们将通过Skype和朱巴Eye Radio的编辑尼古拉·曼迪尔连线。曼迪尔先生，谢谢你和我们连线。
尼古拉·曼迪尔：不客气，先生。
西蒙：南苏丹的暴力事件有多严重？
曼迪尔：包括我在内，所有住在朱巴市的人都生活在恐惧中。作为记者，我在朱巴市走动时，我感觉不到安全，因为谣言正在四处传播，称朱巴市可能随时会遭遇袭击，任何时间都可能发生任何事。现在的暴力事件就是这种情况。有报告称，政府估计暴力事件已造成超过300人死亡。
西蒙：曼迪尔先生，虽然我们应该了解，可是美国人并没有那么熟悉南苏丹的形势，我要为此道歉。你能给我们详细解释一下斗争为什么会爆发吗？
曼迪尔：我个人的判断是，这是一场个人权力的斗争。目前南苏丹执政的是总统萨尔瓦·基尔，而芮克·马查尔在党内和政府中都是副手。2015年，芮克·马查尔公开发表了他要成为南苏丹共和国总统的雄心。这一言论导致他被罢黜。这就是问题的开端。
总统萨尔瓦·基尔来自主要部族丁卡族，而芮克·马查尔来自第二大部族努尔。你知道，这两大部族在南苏丹军队中占大多数。这两个部族掌控着南苏丹的军队，所以斗争在两个部族的支持下展开。

SIMON: There are 12,000 U.N. peacekeeping troops there already. The proposal is for another 4,000. I gather a spokesman for the South Sudan government says they're opposed because this would be neocolonialism. Help us understand what he means by that.
MANDIL: Well, the government is saying it is an attempt to colonize South Sudan. It is an attempt by the American government to change the regime or the regime change. That is what the government is saying, but I don't know whether that is the intention. This morning, I had an opportunity to interview the U.S. ambassador — the South Sudan ambassador, Molly Phee — and she categorically denied that.
SIMON: Do you think peace is in the future? Can you see it?
MANDIL: Well, peace is possible with the support of the international community, like United State of America and the rest. If the international community and the region can give pressure to the two warring parties to adhere to the cease-fire they declared on the 11th of July this year, respect cessation of hostilities, implement a peace agreement, I think there will be peace in South Sudan. But if the two parties are left alone, I doubt — there will be no peace in South Sudan. There will be war and war. That is the fear of everybody living inside South Sudan.
SIMON: Nichola Mandil, who's an editor with the Eye Radio in Juba, thanks so much for being with us, sir.
MANDIL: Thank you so much.
西蒙：目前联合国驻南苏丹维和人员有1.2万人。计划是增派4000名维和士兵。南苏丹政府发言人表示，他们反对这一计划，因为这会演变成新殖民主义。请说明一下他是什么意思。
曼迪尔：南苏丹政府的意思是，这一计划的企图是殖民化南苏丹。这是美国政府在企图改变南苏丹的政权。这是南苏丹政府的意思，不过我不知道动机是否真如此。今天上午，我有机会采访了美国驻南苏丹大使莫莉·菲，她断然否认了这种说法。
西蒙：你认为南苏丹未来会得到和平吗？你能看到和平的希望吗？
曼迪尔：在国际社会的支持下和平还是可能的，我们需要美国和其他国家的支持。如果国际社会和地区力量能向交战双方施压，要求他们遵守双方于今年7月11日宣布的停火协议，尊重停止敌对行动，履行和平协议，我认为南苏丹可以实现和平。但是如果双方被置之不理，那我想南苏丹就不可能实现和平。只会有无止境的战争。这是每个生活在南苏丹的人所害怕的。
西蒙：尼古拉·曼迪尔是朱巴Eye Radio的编辑，非常谢谢你和我们连线。
曼迪尔：非常谢谢你。