美国黑人因通胀难以维持生计 看不起病

Results of a new poll published today finds significant racial disparities when it comes to paying for and accessing health care in the U.S.

今天公布的一项新的民意调查结果发现，在美国，在支付医保和享受医保服务方面存在显著的种族差异。

The poll looks at the experience of the five largest racial and ethnic groups in some key spheres of American life.

这项民意调查着眼于五个最大的种族和民族群体的经历，他们都身处美国生活的关键领域。

It was commissioned by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health.

这项民调是由美国国家公共电台、罗伯特·伍德·约翰逊基金会和哈佛大学陈曾熙公共卫生学院委托制作的。

NPR health correspondent Rhitu Chatterjee joins us to discuss the results and her own reporting.

NPR新闻的医疗记者莱图·查特吉将和我们一起讨论调查结果和她自己的报道。

So I know this poll covers a lot, but what were some of the big takeaways?

我知道这项民意调查涵盖了很多，但有哪些重要的收获呢？

Some of the most striking findings were really about just how hard it is for certain racial and ethnic minorities to make ends meet.

一些最引人注目的发现实际上是关于某些种族和少数民族维持生计有多难。

In fact, more than half of Black and Latino households report that the recent price increases driven by inflation have caused them serious financial problems.

事实上，超过一半的非裔和拉丁裔家庭报告称，最近由通胀推动的物价上涨给他们带来了严重的经济问题。

It's even higher among Native Americans, with that number rising to more than two-thirds of those surveyed.

在美国原住民中这一比例甚至更高，这一数字上升到受调查人数的三分之二以上。

And this was a poll conducted between mid-May and mid-June of this year.

这是一项在今年5月中旬至6月中旬之间进行的民意调查。

And it included more than 4,000 adults.

调查对象包括4000多名成年人。

When you say serious financial problems, what exactly does that look like?

当你谈及严重的经济问题时，那到底是什么样子呢？

Yeah. So basically, you know, it's about people's ability to pay for basic necessities like food and housing has been hampered.

嗯。基本上，这关系到人们支付食品和住房等基本必需品的能力受到阻碍。

So a majority of respondents said that lack of affordable houses to buy in their neighborhoods was a serious problem.

大多数受访者表示，他们所在社区缺乏负担得起的住房是一个严重的问题。

And rents aren't affordable either.

房租也是负担不起的。

And when it comes to evictions, Black Americans are carrying most of the burden.

当涉及到驱逐问题时，美国黑人背负了大部分的负担。

Sixteen percent said they have either been evicted or threatened with eviction, compared to only 9% of white respondents.

16%的黑人受访者表示他们要么被驱逐，要么受到驱逐的威胁，而只有9%的白人受访者有这样的困扰。

And about a third of Latino and Black respondents and 40% of Native Americans said they're having serious problems paying for food.

约三分之一的拉美裔和非裔受访者以及40%的美洲原住民表示，他们在支付食物方面遇到了严重的问题。

Robert Blendon is a public health professor at Harvard and was co-director of the new NPR poll.

罗伯特·布伦登是哈佛大学公共卫生学教授，也是这项新的NPR民意调查的联合负责人。

The acute needs caught us a bit off guard, that people in this period, when we're all suffering from inflation and everything else, are at high risk for either being homeless or actually not being able to feed their families.

这种迫切的需求让我们有点措手不及，在这个时期，我们都在遭受通货膨胀和其他的问题，人们面临着无家可归或无法养活家人的高风险。

And a greater proportion of Black Americans, Latinos and Native Americans are having trouble affording medical care or prescription drugs compared to whites and Asians.

与白人和亚洲人相比，更大比例的非裔、拉丁裔和美洲印第安人难以负担医疗费用或处方药费用。

So the findings showing, really, how difficult it is to pay for life.

因此，研究结果表明，为生命买单是多么困难。

What did the poll find about access to medical care?

关于获得医疗保健服务，这项调查发现了什么?

So the poll focused in on people who had serious illness in their household in the past year.

这项民意调查的重点是过去一年家中患有严重疾病的人。

And of those, 19% overall said they'd had trouble accessing care.

在这些人中，19%的人表示他们在获得医疗保健服务方面遇到了困难。

But for Black Americans, that number was 24%.

但对于美国黑人来说，这个数字是24%。

Mary Findling is the associate director of the Harvard Opinion Research Program.

玛丽·芬德林是哈佛大学民意研究项目的副主任。

Two and a half years into the pandemic, with no end in sight, it's really scary that a quarter of our country's Black families who've dealt with serious illnesses couldn't get care when they needed it.

疫情已经有两年半了，看不到结束的迹象，我们国家四分之一患有严重疾病的黑人家庭在他们需要的时候得不到治疗，这真的很可怕。

And we know that that means serious consequences on people's health.

我们知道这意味着对人们的健康造成了严重后果。

And given that doctors' offices, clinics, hospitals are still reeling from the pressures of the pandemic, these delays persist across the board and are likely to be affecting health outcomes for a while.

鉴于医生的办公室、诊所和医院仍然受到疫情压力的影响，这些延误普遍存在，可能会在一段时间内影响医疗结果。