美银行接连倒闭 美联储恐再难加息

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

The failure of Silicon Valley Bank, a mid-sized American lender, sent shock waves through the financial system.

美国中型贷款机构硅谷银行倒闭，引起整个金融体系的强烈反应。

SVB specialised in offering banking services to tech startups.

硅谷银行专为科技初创企业提供银行服务。

It got into trouble as interest rates rose, the value of its bond holdings plunged and nervy depositors took out their money.

因为利率上涨，该行持有的债券价值暴跌，紧张不安的储户取出存款，导致该行陷入困境。

An attempt to raise capital to plug a shortfall in its finances failed, leading to a run on its deposits and the collapse of its share price.

试图筹集资金填补财务缺口的努力没能成功，导致该行存款挤兑与股价暴跌。

On March 13th HSBC purchased SVB’s British assets for 1 pound, but America’s regulators have struggled to find a buyer for the rest of the bank.

3月13日，汇丰银行以1英镑的价格收购了硅谷银行英国子公司的资产，但美国监管机构一直在努力为其余的硅谷银行寻找买家。

Two days after SVB imploded regulators took control of Signature Bank, which is based in New York.

硅谷银行倒闭两天后，美国监管机构又对总部位于纽约的签名银行进行了控制。

The speed and the size of the failures rattled markets, wiping billions off banking stocks.

破产的速度和规模震惊了市场，使银行股票蒸发了数十亿美元。

In a co-ordinated action, the Treasury, the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation stepped in to protect depositors at both banks and set up a facility that allows banks to tap emergency funds.

在一项联合行动中，美国财政部、美联储和联邦存款保险公司介入保护这两家银行的储户，并设立了一项允许银行动用紧急资金的机制。

The failure of SVB complicates the Fed’s path for further monetary tightening.

硅谷银行倒闭使美联储进一步收紧货币政策的道路更加复杂。

It will now have to weigh up stability in the banking system as well as inflationary pressures.

现在美联储必须权衡银行系统的稳定性和通胀压力。

The data for February showed annual inflation dropping to 6%, but the core annual rate, which strips out energy and food prices and which economists fret about now, was almost unchanged at 5.5%, and actually rose over January’s figure.

2月份的数据显示，年通胀率降至6%，但经济学家现在担心的问题，核心通胀年率，即剔除能源与食品价格后的通胀年率，仍为5.5%，实际上比一月份的利率还要高。

The labour market is also running hot. Employers created 311,000 jobs in February, well above expectations.

劳动力市场现在仍然火热。2月份，美国雇主创造了31.1万个就业岗位，远高于预期。

In the febrile atmosphere, Credit Suisse saw its share price plunge by a quarter when its largest investor, Saudi National Bank, said it would not increase its stake in the business.

在狂热的气氛中，瑞士信贷股价暴跌四分之一，其最大投资方沙特国家银行表示不会再增持该公司股份。

The troubled Swiss bank had to turn to Switzerland’s central bank for support in the market meltdown, and will borrow up to SFr50bn ($54bn) to bolster its liquidity and buy back some of its debt.

在市场崩盘期间，这家陷入困境的瑞士银行不得不向瑞士央行寻求支持，并将借入高达500亿瑞士法郎(合540亿美元)的资金，以增强资产流动性与回购部分债务。

Not many countries face inflationary pressures quite like Argentina.

像阿根廷这样面临通胀压力的国家并不多。

The official annual inflation rate soared to 102.5% in February, the highest it has been since 1991 and despite price controls on more than 1,700 goods.

尽管对1700多种商品实行价格管制，但官方的年通胀率在2月飙升至102.5%，为1991年以来的最高水平。

Saudi Aramco reported an annual net profit of $161bn.

沙特阿美报告全年净利润为1610亿美元。

Like others in the oil industry, the company benefited from a buoyant market as demand recovered after the pandemic and prices spiked after Russia invaded Ukraine.

与石油行业的其他公司一样，随着新冠疫情后需求恢复，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后油价飙升，这家公司受益于蒸蒸日上的市场。

It thinks that oil demand will grow again this year, as China reopens and the airline industry recovers.

该公司认为，随着中国的重新开放以及航空业市场复苏，今年石油需求将再次增长。

Meta is shedding another 10,000 jobs, which come on top of the 11,000 lay-offs it announced last year.

继去年宣布裁员1.1万人之后，Meta又将裁员1万人。

The parent company of Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp hired too many people during the pandemic and its boss, Mark Zuckerberg, has called 2023 a “year of efficiency”.

这家脸书、Instagram和WhatsApp的母公司在疫情期间雇佣了过多员工，公司老板马克·扎克伯格将2023年称为“效率年”。

Markets approve. Meta’s share price has rebounded from its nadir in November.

市场认同这一说法。Meta的股价已经从11月份的最低点反弹。