以无枪方式管控枪支Gun control without guns

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English– the show that brings you an interesting topic, authentic listening practice and vocabulary to help you improve your language skills.I’m Dan…
大家好，欢迎收听六分钟英语，我是凯瑟琳。该节目会奉上有趣的话题，纯正的听力练习和单词，帮助你提高语言技能。我是丹。
And I’m Neil.In this programme we’ll be discussing armed police, as well as teaching you six new items of vocabulary, of course.
我是尼尔。在今天的节目中我们将讨论武警，同时教你六个新单词。
Can we get this done quickly today Neil?Only I’ve got to shoot off to a party later.
今天我们能快点说吗，尼尔？之后我还要迅速转场参加一个聚会。
Shoot off meaning leave quickly.Of course we can.And it’s funny that you should mention shooting because our topic this week is gun control without guns.
Shoot off是指迅速离开。我们当然可以了。很有意思，你提到shooting（射击）一次，因为我们这周的主题就是以无枪手段控制枪支。
Is that so?I have a question about that for you.
真的吗？我有一个问题要问你。
Fire away then.
提问吧。
Fire away, an expression giving permission for someone to ask a question or speak.So, which country has the oldest gun control laws in the world?Is it a) USA, b) Iceland or c) Japan?
Fire away这个短语是指允许对方发问或说话。世界上哪个国家拥有最悠久的枪支管控法律。 a) 美国, b) 冰岛， 还是 c) 日本？
I’m going to guess b) Iceland, just because I’ve never been there.
我猜是冰岛，因为我没去过。
Well, we’ll find out if you’re right a bit later on.Now, imagine the scene. You are a police officer who has been called out to deal with an incident.When you arrive on scene you find a dangerous criminal. Do you reach for a gun, or a blanket?
之后我们再看你回答得是否正确。现在，想象一个场景。你是一名警察，奉命出动处理一个事件。当你到达现场，你发现你遇到了一个危险的罪犯。你会伸手拿枪还是伸手拿毯子？
It’s got to be a gun.
会拿枪。
Well, in most countries in the world you’d be right, but not in Japan. Despite carrying guns, Japanese police almost never use them.Instead they rely on a combination of martial arts and in many cases where a person is violent, they bring out the futon – which is a kind of blanket– and they wrap them up and restrain them, or prevent them from moving.
在世界的大多数国家，你做的没错，但在日本不行。尽管日本警察也配有抢，但他们几乎从不使用。相反，他们依靠武术，在大多情况下当对方很暴力时，他们会拿出蒲团，一种毯子，把对方缠起来，控制他们，限制他们移动。
You’re pulling my leg.
你一定在跟我开玩笑。
Nope! Listen to Japanese journalist Anthony Berteaux describe the situation:
没有！我们来听听日本记者安东尼·贝多描述这个场景：
What most Japanese police will do is to get huge futons essentially roll up the person who is being violent or drunk into a little burrito and carry them back to the station, and calm them down. The response to violence is never violence, it’s always to de-escalate it.
大多数日本警察会拿出巨大的蒲团，像裹玉米饼一样，将暴力或喝醉的人员裹起来，将他们带离现场，让他们冷静下来。不应该以暴制暴，要逐步降低暴力。
So, they safely restrain the person and wait for the situation to de-escalate, or become less intense.
所以他们会很安全地把人员控制住，等待暴力局面逐步降级，不那么紧张。
Unless a criminal has a gun, Japanese police never fire their weapons.
除非犯罪人员有枪，日本警察从来不会用武器开火。
Surely that means that the criminals always have the advantage then?
所以这就意味着犯罪人员总是占有先机吗？
You’d think so, but no.It seems that guns don’t really feature in crimes much in Japan.
你也许会这么想，但事实上不是这样的。在日本很少有持枪犯罪的。
Well, that’s astonishing. So do you think the criminals don’t carry guns because the police don’t carry guns or that the police don’t carry guns because the criminals don’t carry guns?
这太让人惊讶了。你觉得犯罪分子不持枪是因为警察不持枪，还是警察不持枪是因为犯罪分子不持枪？
Wow, that makes my head hurt! Well I don’t know, but listen to what Iain Overton, the Executive Director of Action on Armed Violence says about armed police in society.
你说的我头都疼了！我不知道，我们听听武装暴力行动的执行主管伊恩·奥夫顿讲述社会中的武警。
The American model has been militarise the police, but the challenge I have is that there is very little evidence that a more militarised police results in a more peaceful society.And I’m very concerned that if you have too many police pulling out guns at the first incidence of crimethen you lead to a miniature arms race between police and criminals.
美国模式是将警察军事化，但目前的挑战是，很少有证据显示，警察军事化程度越高，社会越和平稳定。我担心，如果在第一犯罪现场，有太多警察掏出枪，会导致警察和犯罪分子之间小规模的装备竞赛。
So, America tends to militarise its police meaning to equip them and use them as an army…
所以，美国倾向于将警察军事化，也就是给警察配备枪支，将警察视为军队。
…and that causes an arms race with the criminals,which is a competition between two groups to have more weapons than the other group.
这会导致警察与犯罪分子之间的装备竞赛，也就是两支队伍之间在武器数量上的比拼。
He also said that there’s not a strong connection between armed police and a peaceful society. So, does that mean that Japanese society is more peaceful?
他还说道，武警和和平社会之间没有很强的联系。这是不是意味着日本社会更加和平？
Well, violent crime still happens there, but criminals tend to carry other weapons, such as swords and knives,but at least it’s a step in the right direction. Now, can you remember the quiz question I asked?
日本依旧有暴力犯罪，但犯罪分子倾向于携带其他武器，如剑和刀，至少方向上迈出了正确一步。还记得我的问题吗？
I think so. You asked me which country has the oldest gun control laws in the world? Is it a) USA, b) Iceland or c) Japan?And I said b) Iceland.
我想我记得。你问我世界上哪个国家拥有最悠久的枪支管控法律？ a) 美国, b) 冰岛， 还是 c) 日本？我选的是 b) 冰岛。
Well, I’m sorry Neil, that’s not right.But, don’t shoot the messenger, OK? It’s Japan, which implemented its gun control laws in 1685.
很抱歉，你答错了。别向我这个信使开枪，好吗？正确答案是日本，1685年他们就实施了枪支管控法律。
How interesting.Now, let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this programme.
很有意思。现在我们看看今天的单词。
Sure, we had shoot off. If you shoot off, it means you leave somewhere in a hurry.What type of verb is it Neil?Can you give us an example?
我们提到了shoot off（迅速离开）。如果你要shoot off，就是你要匆忙离开某地。这是哪种动词类型呢？你能给我们一个例子吗？
It’s a phrasal verb so it’s used conversationally and usually in an informal context. As for an example, when he heard his wife was sick, he shot off to the hospital. Synonyms could be dash off or run off.Next we had fire away. Now, fire away is an expression giving permission for someone to ask a question or speak.Can you think of any other ways to say the same thing, Dan, if I said, can I ask you a question?
这是一个动词词组，常用于口语或非正式文本。举一个例子，当他听到他的妻子病了时，他飞速前往医院。同义词有dash off 和 run off。下一个单词是 fire away。这是指允许他人提问或话说。你能想到其他方式表达这个意思吗？如果我说，我能问你一个问题吗？
I’d say yes, of course, go ahead, please do, or by all means. Restrain. If you restrain someone, you prevent them from moving.In another sense, you might restrain yourself from doing something – for example: eating chocolate! Have you ever had to restrain your children from anything, Neil?
我会说可以，当然，你说，请说，当然可以。控制，如果你控制某人，你就是限制他们移动。另一种意思，你也许要限制自己不做某事，例如，不吃巧克力。你会限制你的孩子做什么事吗？
I have to restrain my children all the time, Dan, otherwise they would fight like mad. I have to pull them apart and restrain them.OK, de-escalate –If something de-escalates, it becomes less intense.This is often used in the context of conflicts or argument. Can you think of a historical example, Dan?
我得随时限制他们，不然他们要像疯了一样地打闹。我得把他们拉开，限制他们。好的，下一个词是 de-escalate，如果某物逐步降级，就是指不再紧张。通常用于冲突和争吵的语境中。你能想到一个历史案例吗，丹？
Well, in the 1960s the Cuban missile crises escalated over a period of two weeks and de-escalated only after diplomatic negotiations were successful. But it was pretty close to World War 3 at one point!Militarise. If something is militarised, it is equipped and used like an army. Give me an example of people who have become militarised, Neil.
在20世纪60年代时，古巴导弹危机在两周内升级，在外交协商成功后，才逐步缓解。当时第三次世界大战很有可能一触即发。军事化。如果某物被军事化，就是被装备起来，像军队一样。举一个人们被军事化的例子吧。
Yes, when I was a student in the United Kingdom some of the foreign students had to go home to take part in national service – that’s join the army for a couple of years – so they became militarised. Now, an arms race. An arms race is a competition between two groups to gain more weapons than the other group.Got an example of that, Dan?
当我在英国上学时，一些外国学生会回国服兵役，也就是参军几年，所以他们会被军事化。现在谈谈军备竞赛。军备竞赛是指两支队伍就武器数量上的比拼。能举一个例子吗？
The most famous example of this is the Cold War. Both the USSR and the USA became involved in an arms race to stockpile as many nuclear weapons as possible. Well, that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English.Please join us again soon!
最著名的例子就是冷战了。苏联和美国进行军备竞赛，尽可能多的储存武器。今天的六分钟英语就到这里。我们下次再会！
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我们还有社交媒体，可以访问我们的Facebook，Twitter， Instagram和 YouTube。
Bye!
再见！