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新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons2

2011-09-17来源:和谐英语

课文详注 Further notes on the text

1.It was Sunday. 那是个星期天。

在句子中,我们常常用it指时间、天气、温度或距离。这种it有时被称为“虚主语”
(empty subject),因为它没有实际意义。它之所以存在,是因为英语句子必须包含主语和谓语。请注意以下例句:

表示时间:

It is 8 o'clock.

8点了。

表示天气:

It's raining again.

又下雨了。

It is cold.

天气冷。

表示环境:

It was dark outside.

外面一片漆黑。

作为第3人称单数的中性代词,it可以指一件东西、一个事件或者用来指是什么人:

It was my aunt Lucy.

是我姑母露西。(打来电话者)

It is a lovely baby.

真是个可爱的小宝宝。

2.on Sundays, 在星期天的时侯。

(1)复数形式指每个星期日,或大部分星期日,与一般现在时连用,表示经常性的行为:

We do not go to school on Sundays.

星期天我们不上学。

I never get up early on Sundays.

星期天我从来不早起。

(2)介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中:

on Monday星期一

on Friday 星期五

on Monday morning在星期一早上

on that day在那一天

当我们使用last, next和this, that时,介词(以及定冠词)必须省略:

I'll see you next/this Friday.

下个/这个星期五再见。

Last Sunday I got up very late.

上个星期天我起得很晚。

3.I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。

(1)在表达卧床的意思时bed前不需加冠词:

You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.

你必须再卧床两天。

What time did you go to bed last night?

你昨晚几点睡的?

It is time for bed now.

该睡觉了。

(2)until用于表示动作、状态等的持续,可以译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中,它与表示持续性状态的动词连用,表示持续到某一时刻:

I'll wait here until 5.

我会在这里等到5点钟。

在否定句中,它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用,表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”:

She cannot arrive until 6.

她到6点才能来。

The rain did not stop until this morning.

直到今天早上雨才停了。

4.arrive by train, 坐火车来。

by air乘飞机

by bicycle/bike骑自行车

by boat乘船

by bus乘公共汽车

by car乘小汽车

by land由陆路

by plane乘飞机

by sea由海路

by ship乘船

by train乘火车

Every morning he goes to school by bus.

他每天早上坐公共汽车去上学。

Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.

很早以前人们只能乘船去美洲。

如果是特指的交通工具,则要加冠词或其他限定词:

My aunt left by the 9:15 train.

我姑妈乘9点1刻的火车走的。

5.Dear me, 天哪。

这个感叹方式可以表示惊愕、困惑、同情等。还可以说“Oh, dear!”或“Dear, dear!”

语法 Grammar in use

1.现在进行时(The present progressive tense) 和一般现在时(The present simple tense)

现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或正在发生的事件,往往与now, just, still等副词连用(cf. 第1册第31课):

John is still sleeping.

约翰还在睡觉。

Jane is just dressing up.

简正在打扮。

Mrs. Smith is cooking now.

史密斯太太现在正在做饭。

一般现在时可以表示习惯性动作,往往与频度副词连用,如often, always, sometimes, never等:

Do you often come here?

你常来这儿吗?

I always to the library on Friday.

星期五我经常去图书馆。

Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.

海伦从来不给她兄弟托尼写信。她有时给他打电话。

现在进行时也用来表示当前(一段时间)的动向:

Jack is working hard these days.

杰克最近工作很努力。

He does not usually work hard.

他通常是不努力工作的。

2.感叹句(Exclamations)

以what开头的感叹句结构为:

What+adj.+n. +主语+谓语!

主语和谓语经常被省略:

What an interesting play (it is)!

多么有趣的一出戏!

What a lot of flowers!

这么多花呀!

What fools they are!

他们真傻!

如果没有形容词,则往往表示批评或不大好的意思:

What a thing to say!

多么难听的话啊!

What a day!

鬼天气!

词汇学习 Word study

1.ring vt.

(1)鸣,响,发出清脆响亮的声音:

Just then, the telephone rang.

正在这时,电话铃响了。

Every morning the clock rings at 6.

这钟每天早上6点响。

(2)打电话给(美国英语中用call):

Please ring me when you get home.

到家后请来个电话。

Did you ring the doctor?

你给医生打电话了吗?

2.repeat

(1)vt. 重复:

Will you repeat the last word?

您能重说一下最后一个字吗?

They are repeating that wonderful play.

他们正在重演那部精彩的戏剧。

(2)vi. 重做,重说:

Please repeat after me.

请跟我重复。

Don't repeat.

不要重复。

练习答案 Key to written exercises

1.关键句型练习答案

A 1 are playing…play…is kicking…is running

2‘What are you doing?’my landlady asked.‘I'm leaving, Mrs. Lynch, I answered.‘Why are you leaving?’she asked…‘…friends never come to visit me…I frequently go to bed…I rarely listen…I always feel cold…’

B 1 She rarely answers my letters.

2 We never work after six o'clock.

3 The shops always close on Saturday afternoons.

4 Do you always go to work by car?

5 Our teacher frequently collects our exercise books.

6 We sometimes spend our holidays abroad.

7 I often buy CDs.

8 Do you ever buy CDs?

2.难点练习答案

1 What a wonderful garden(this is) !

2 What a surprise( this is) !

3 What a lot of trouble he is causing!

4 What wonderful actors (they are) !

5 What a hard-working woman (she is) !

6 What a tall building (it is) !

7 What a terrible film (it is) !

8 What a clever boy you are!

9 What a pretty girl (she is) !

10 What a strange guy (he is) !

3.多项选择题答案

1 c  2 d  3 c  4 c  5 a  6 b

7 b  8 a  9 d  10 c  11d  12  b