印度向执行美印核能协议迈进一步

国际原子能机构(IAEA)各理事国通过了对印度核设施进行核查的安全保障协议。在印度和美国执行计划中的核能合作协议之前，这是一个必须要完成的关键步骤。

The safeguards agreed upon by the U.N. nuclear watchdog allow India to import nuclear fuel and technology from the United States and other countries. In return India will open up its civilian nuclear installations to international inspectors. IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei addressed the governors at the meeting in Vienna.

联合国国际原子能机构达成的这项安全保障条款协议允许印度从美国和其它国家进口核燃料并获得核技术。作为回报，印度开放其民用核设施，接受联合国核查人员的检查。国际原子能机构总干事巴拉迪在维也纳的会议上对各理事国说：

"We expect to start implementing the agreement at new facilities in 2009," he said. "Facilities will be notified by India to the agency in stages, and the Secretariat will keep you informed when facilities are submitted for safeguards. As with other safeguards agreements between the agency and member states, the agreement is of indefinite duration."

“预计，我们会在2009年开始在新的核设施实施保障条款协议。印度将分阶段通知国际原子能机构有关这些核设施的情况。国际原子能机构秘书处将告知各理事国协议在这些核设施履行的情况。与国际原子能机构和其它成员国之间达成的保障条款一样，这项条款也没有设置期限。”

India, which has tested nuclear weapons, is one of three nuclear powers that have not signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The other two are Israel, which is believed to have a number of weapons and India's regional rival Pakistan which has also conducted nuclear tests.

印度已经进行过核武器试验。印度是没有签署《核不扩散条约》的三个国家之一。另外两个国家是以色列和印度的对手巴基斯坦。据信，以色列拥有一批核武器。印度的地区对手巴基斯坦也进行过核试验。

Malcolm Grimston of Chatham House, the London-based research center, says some Indians felt entering into a deal with the IAEA would place them at a disadvantage over Pakistan.

伦敦研究机构查塔姆研究所研究员格里姆斯顿说，一些印度人认为，与国际原子能机构达成这样的协议会让他们的处境比巴基斯坦差。

"I think this deal is America's attempt to bring India closer to the non-proliferation treaty," he said. "But clearly many Indians feel this will reduce their ability to respond to what they see as a nuclear threat from Pakistan so its trying to tread a very narrow line between on the one hand ensuring that the world nuclear security is protected as far as possible but doing it in such a way that the Indian people will accept some curbs on their nuclear activities."

他说：“我认为这项协议是美国试图把印度进一步领入《核不扩散条约》体系的一个企图。但是很明显，许多印度人感到这将削减印度对他们认为来自巴基斯坦的威胁的反应能力。协议力图保持某种非常微妙的平衡。一方面确保全球核安全得到尽可能多的保障；另一方面，采取的方式也让印度人能够接受对他们的核活动施行一些控制。”

Speaking after the meeting, ElBaradei said he believed the agreement is good for India and the world. The U.S. ambassador to the IAEA, Greg Schulte, said it represented a major step forward to opening civilian nuclear cooperation with India and strengthen non-proliferation.

巴拉迪在会议结束后说，他相信这个保障条款协议对印度和全世界都有好处。美国驻国际原子能机构代表舒尔特说，这标志着美国与印度的民用核能合作向前迈出了重要的一步，同时也加强了核不扩散工作。

India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh hailed it as a milestone in India's cooperation with the international community in the peaceful use of atomic energy.

印度总理辛格称赞这个协议是印度与国际社会在和平使用核能合作方面的一个里程碑。

To carry out the deal, India must strike separate agreements with the IAEA and with the Nuclear Suppliers Group, which comprises countries that export nuclear material, before it can go to the U.S. Congress for approval.

为了履行这项协议，印度必须和国际原子能机构以及由出口核材料国家组成的核供应国集团分别签署协议，然后将协议提交美国国会批准。