中国的水危机表明污染风险

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BEIJING, Sep. 16 (Xinhuanet) --A nationwide safety campaign is to target all enterprises involved in the production and use of hazardous chemicals, Deputy Minister of Environmental Protection Zhang Lijun announced on Thursday.
新华网北京9月16日电——周四，环保部副部长张力军宣布，开展一场全国范围的安全运动，目标直指生产和使用危险化学品的企业。

The move is part of a series of measures aimed at tackling the growing risks of toxic waste caused by China's rapid industrialization.
这次行动是解决不断增加的有毒废料危机的措施的一部分，这些有毒废料是由中国工业化快速发展产生的。

"Culprits causing severe pollution will be severely punished," Zhang said during a news conference. "Authorities in charge of supervision will also be held responsible."
“造成严重污染的罪犯将受到严厉的惩罚，”张在记者招待会上这样表示。“监督部门也要负责任。”

The government has also banned the building or expansion of chemical plants outside industrial parks to reduce unchecked discharge, he said, while all chemical manufacturers now need to register by the end of 2013, following international practice on the management of dangerous chemicals.
他称，政府也禁止了工业区外围化工厂的建造和扩张，以此来减少未经检查的排放，同时，所有化学品的生产厂家在2013年年底之前必须进行登记，遵循危险化学品管理的国际惯例。

"Environmental accidents involving toxic chemicals are on the rise, posing a grave threat to public safety and social stability," said Zhang.
张表示：“与有毒化学品有关的环境事故正在增加，给公众安全和社会稳定造成严重威胁。”

Since January last year, the ministry has dealt with 239 environmental emergencies caused by chemical spills, some of which threatened water safety, he said.
自去年1月以来，环保部已经处理了239起由化学品泄漏引发的环境突发事故，其中一些威胁到水体安全，张力军如是说。

A 2010 survey of 43,510 enterprises in the petrochemicals, chemicals and pharmaceuticals industries found that 86.2 percent were located in basins of China's major rivers.
2010年进行的一个对石油化学品、化学制品和医药品行业的43510家企业的调查发现，86.2%的企业坐落在中国主要河流流域。

"The plants are concentrated along rivers, some in densely populated areas or even in the upper reaches of drinking water sources," Zhang said.
张表示：“工厂集中在河流沿岸，一些人口密集的地区，甚至是饮用水水源的上游。”

With more than 20,000 petrochemicals plants, the country is a leading global producer of more than 100 varieties of chemicals, said Wei Fusheng, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
中国工程院院士Wei Fusheng表示，由于中国有2万多家石油化学品工厂，中国成为全球100多种化学制品的主要生产商。

"However, in China toxic chemicals are not monitored on a daily basis. When emergencies happen, authorities and the public are often put under extreme pressure," he added.
“然而，在中国，有毒化学制品并没有天天都进行检测。当紧急事故发生时，政府和公众经常都处于极大的压力之下，”他这样补充。

Fujia chemical plant in Dalian, Liaoning province, was ordered by the city authority to relocate in August after more than 10,000 residents took to the streets over concerns of potential toxic leaks.
在1万多名市民因担心潜在的有毒物质泄漏而上街游行之后，辽宁省大连市的Fujia化工厂八月份被市政府勒令迁移。

Panic was earlier raised when huge waves breached dikes around the facility, which produces PX, a chemical that is believed to be harmful to humans.
在巨浪冲破生产二甲苯工厂附近的堤坝时，恐慌早就产生了，二甲苯被认为是一种对人类有害的化学制品。

Small-scale chemical plants using outdated technology are also damaging the environment because they usually discharge pollution without proper treatment.
使用落后技术的小规模化工厂也危害环境，因为它们经常没进行正确处理就排污。

"Some are moving to the hinterlands after they were banned from eastern coastal areas, and they are taking the pollution with them," Wei said.
Wei称：“一些化工厂在被禁止设在东部沿海地区之后就转移到内陆地区，污染也跟着它们一起转移。”