英语主动语态变被动语态的三点注意

英语主动语态变被动语态的三点注意

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。

一、英语主动语态变被动语态的基本方法

主动语态变为被动语态时，通常是将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)。如：

A thief stole my wallet. 小偷偷了我的钱包。 (主动语态)

My wallet was stolen by a thief. 我的钱包被小偷偷了。(被动语态)

二、各种时态被动语态的构成方法

1. 一般现在时的被动语态。其基本结构为“am (is, are) + 过去分词”。如：

What is the flower called? 这花叫什么名字?

English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。

2. 一般过去时的被动语态。其基本结构为“was (were) + 过去分词”。如：

He was given every chance to get the post. 他得到一切可能的机会去获得个职位。

When she was asked why she was absent for the party, no answer was forthcoming. 当问到她为什么没来参加晚会时，她不作任何回答。

3. 一般将来时的被动语态。其基本结构为“will be + 过去分词”。如：

This is a chance that I will be chosen for the team. 有可能我被选拔到队里。

As a citizen, you must obey the law or you will be punished. 作为一个公民，你必须遵守法律，否则你将会受到惩罚。

4. 过去将来时的被动语态。其基本结构为“would be + 过去分词”。如：

She little thought she would be rewarded. 她一点没想到她会受到酬谢。

He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home. 然后他又问，什么时候可以允许吉尔伯特先生回家。

5. 现在进行时的被动语态。其基本结构为“am (is, are) being +过去分词”。如：

The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。

I think we are being followed. 我想我们被人跟踪了。

6. 过去进行时的被动语态。其基本结构为“was (were) being +过去分词”。如：

The road was being repaired. We had to make a detour. 正在修路，我们得绕行。

7. 现在完成时的被动语态。其基本结构为“has (have) been +过去分词”。如：

Enough has been said on this topic. 关于这个题目说得已够多的了。

Our school has been given some new equipment. 我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。

8. 过去完成时的被动语态。其基本结构为“had been +过去分词”。如：

The host was quite annoyed when he found out that his things on the bookshelves had been disturbed. 主人发现他书架上的东西被弄乱了，很是生气。

The next morning, he found that the doors had been blocked by chairs and the furniture had been moved. 第二天早晨，他发现门都被椅子堵塞起来了，而且家具都搬动过了。

注：将来完成时和过去将来完成时很少用于被动结构，将来进行时和过去将来进行时都没有被动结构，完成进行时也没有被动结构。

三、含情态动词的被动语态

当被动语态与情态动词结合使用时，其结构形式为“情态动词+be+过去分词”，根据情况，情态动词后的 be 有时还可用完成式形式。如：

That tooth should be pulled out. 那颗牙齿应该拔掉。

This kind of garment should be washed carefully. 这种衣服应该小心地洗涤。

The article must have been written by a woman. 这篇文章一定是—个女子写的。

They should have been given more books to read. 本应多给他们一些书读的。