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get与be的纠葛

2017-01-14来源:和谐英语

getbe的纠葛   

有网友问:我们经常见到被动语态不用“be+过去分词”,而是用“get+过去分词”的情况。例如,有这样一句话:She got burned while she was cooking in the kitchen. 请问,这个句子不用was burned,而用了got burned,为什么?    

英语中,“be+过去分词”和“get+过去分词”都表示被动语态,但它们是有区别的。请比较:    

The vase was broken by the maid, but the master wanted to know how it got broken. 花瓶被女仆人打破了,但主人想知道它是怎样被打破的。    

通过分析对比,我们发现:was broken 表示“一种既成的结果”,说明花瓶被人打破了;got broken则强调“一种过程或动作”,说明它是怎么被打破的。    

刚才问的那个句子也属于这种情况。又如:    

The children were lost in the forest. I wonder how they got lost. 孩子们在森林里迷了路。我不知道他们是怎么迷路的。    

除此以外,“get +过去分词”和“be +过去分词”还有一些其他的区别。    

1.“get+过去分词”往往强调一种突发或偶发事件,多为不愿看到的事情。例如:    

He got injured by a car when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞伤了。    

The picture got damaged when we were moving. 我们搬家时,这幅画受了损。    

The miners got trapped in the deep mine last Tuesday. 上周二矿工们被困在深井中。    

2.“get+过去分词”在表示强调、否定和疑问时,需借助助动词do或did,而“be +过去分词”则不需要。例如:    

They did get caught in the rain last night. 他们昨天晚上确实被雨淋着了。    

Tom didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 汤姆昨天晚上没有挨打。    

Did your letter get answered? 你收到回信了吗?    

3.“get+过去分词”可以有进行时态,表示一种“渐变过程”;而“be+过去分词”则没有。例如:    

The students are getting prepared for the sports meeting. 学生们正在为运动会做准备。    

She was getting worried about her exams. 她当时正在为考试发愁呢。    

You will be getting puzzled if you don’t know the truth. 如果你不了解实情,你会变得迷惑不解。    

除了上述的区别外,“get +过去分词”还常用于以下几种情况:     

1. 强调进入或者变为某种不利状态。例如:    

We don’t want any of you to get lost in the crowd. 我们不想你们任何人在人群中迷路。    

He went out and got drunk. 他出去喝醉了酒。    

The secret got known at 10 o’clock. 秘密在十点钟就被人们知道了。    

2. 常用于日常生活起居,过去分词具有反身意义(相当于“主动语态+oneself”)。例如:    

He could not wash himself or get dressed. 他既不会洗刷,也不会穿衣。(=dress himself)    

She got washed after she came back home from work. 她下班回到家后洗了澡。(=washed herself)    

They began to watch TV as soon as they got seated. 他们一坐下就看电视。(=seated themselves)    

3. 强调由一种状态渐渐变为另一种状态,如习惯、好恶等。例如:    

She soon got tired of learning English. 很快她就对学英语厌倦了。    

You will soon get used to this kind of work.你很快就会习惯这种工作。    

4. 强调引起心理和情感上的变化。例如:    

She got very pleased with her new room. 她对她的新房间颇为满意。    

I got surprised at the news. 这消息使我吃惊。