英语代词用法的15个方面(很详细)

12.不定代词与部分否定

不定代词all, both, every等与not连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，则需换用 none, neither, no one等。比较：

All of the students like the book. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本书。

Not all of the students like the book. 并非所有这些学生都喜欢这本书。

None of the students like the book. 这些学生中没有一个喜欢这本书。

13. 关系代词的用法

主要的关系代词有 that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等。其中who, whom 只用于指人，which, as 只用于指事物，whose, that 既可于指人也可用于指物。关系代词在定语从句主要用于主语、宾语(可以省略)、表语或定语：

He is the man who [that] lives next door. 他就是就是住在隔壁的那个人。

How do you like the photo that [which] I took? 你觉得我拍的这张照片怎么样？

This is the same watch as I lost. 这块表跟我丢失的那块一样。

I want to find someone with whom I could discuss music. 我想找个能和我谈音乐的人。

She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。

14. 关系代词that与which的用法区别

两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：

(1)通常要用which的场合：

①引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which。如：

She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。

②直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which。如：

The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。

(2)通常多用that的场合：

①当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that：

All [Everything] that can be done must be done.  凡能做的事都必须做。

但在现代英语中，在something, anything, everything等之后用which引导定语从句的现象也很普通。

②当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that。如：

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。

③当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that。如：

This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。

The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

④当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that。如：

China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

⑤当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that。如：

They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

⑥当要避免重复时。如：

Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？