英语代词用法的15个方面(很详细)
英语代词用法的15个方面(很详细)
1. 人称代词的语法要点
(1) 人称代词的基本用法:人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格有I, you, he, she, it, we, they等,它们在句中作主语用,宾格有me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them等,它们在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
(2) 人称代词的排序:有两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,一般是这样排序的:单数按2—3—1;复数按1—2—3。但在承认错误时,就将I放在最前面了。如:
You, he, and I are good friends. 你我他都是好朋友。
We, you and they have been invited to the party. 你们我们和他们都被邀请参加那个晚会。
(3)人称代词后接名词用作同位语:有时人称代词后可接人称代词用作同位语。如:
We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。
He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。
2. 物主代词的语法要点
物主代词有形容词性和名词性两种,形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, its, our, their只在名词前作定语,名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs不能作定语,但可作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语。如:
Yours seems bigger than mine. 你的似乎要比我的大些。
My pronunciation is poor. His is even worse. 我的语音不好,他的更差。
3. 反身代词的语法要点
(1) 反身代词的基本用法:反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves等。它们在句子中主要用作宾语或同位语。如:
I don’t blame you; I blame myself. 我不怪你,我怪我自己。
Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。
(2) 反身代词用作表语:反身代词在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如:
I don’t know what’s the matter with me. I’m not myself today. 我不知道怎么啦。今天我感觉不舒服。
4. 指示代词的语法要点
(1) 指示代词的基本用法:指示代词包括this, that, these, those等,它们在句中既可用作代词,也可用作形容词。一般说来,this, these表“近指”,,而that, those则“远指”。
(2) 指示代词指上文还是指下文:指上文提到的事多用that,有时用this,指下文的事只能用this。如:
—He was nearly drowned once.
—When was ______?
—_____was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This
答案是A。指上文提到的事多用that,it指时间。
(3) 电话用语中的指示代词:在电话用语中指自己用this,指对方用that,不用I或you。如:
“Who’s that?” “This is Mary speaking.”“你是哪位?”“我是玛丽。”
(4) 指示代词受定语从句的修饰:指示代词that, those后可接定语从句,一般说来,that后接which引导的定语从句,those后接who引导的定语从句。如:
They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。
Only those who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
(5) 指示代词用作替代词:that, those有时可用作替代词,用以替代前面提到过的人或事物。如:
My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我的座位在市长座位旁边。
Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。
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