现在分词的主要句法功能

现在分词的主要句法功能

(1) 作定语

现在分词作定语通常可以转化为定语从句，其中的现在分词有时表示进行意义，有时不表示进行意义，视情况而定。如：

There were lots of people standing (=who were) watching, and not one of them offered to help. 当时有许多人站着观看，但其中没有一个人主动提供帮助。

A few days after the interview, I received a letter offering (=which offered) me the job. 面谈后过了几天，我收到一封给我工作的信。

(2) 作补语

现在分词可用作宾语补语或主语补语，其中的现在分词通常表示进行意义。如：

Don’t leave them standing on the doorstep—ask them in!  别让他们在门口站着——叫他们进来。

You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family. 你会发现一些的士等候在车站，你可以打的去你主人家。

(3) 作原因状语

现在分词用作状语表原因，通常位于句首，但有时也位于句中或句末。如：

Knowing that he wouldn’t be able to buy food on his journey he took large supplies with him. 他知道路上买不到食物，就带了很多食物。

The teacher, not having heard the chimes, kept on teaching. 老师没听到下课铃声，仍继续上课。

Linda broke off, realizing the importance of what she was about to say. 琳达意识到自己所说内容的重要性，所以不说了。

(4) 作时间状语

现在分词用作状语表时间，通常位于句首，但有时也位于句中或句末。如：

Reading a book, he found a misprint. 他看书时，发现有一个地方印错了。

Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 他从口袋里掏出钥匙把门打开。

He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。

(5) 作条件状语

现在分词用作状语表条件，通常位于句首，但有时也位于句中或句末。如：

Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。

Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. 坐下吧，埃玛。你老站着，只会弄得你更累。

(6) 作结果状语

现在分词用作状语表结果，通常位于句末。如：

The jet crashed soon after takeoff, killing all the passengers and crew. 那架喷气式飞机起飞后不久就坠毁了，所有乘客和机组人员无一生还。

He died two and a half years later, leaving everything to his wife. 他于两年半后去世，把所有遗产都留给了妻子。

(7) 作伴随状语

现在分词用作状语表伴随，可位于句首、句中或句末。如：

Saying excuse me, pardon me, Seaton pushed his way into the crowded living room. 西顿一边说对不起、借过，一边挤过人群进入拥挤的客厅。

She read the letter through before sending it, checking for spelling mistakes. 她寄信前把信从头至尾看了一遍，检查一下看没有拼写错误。

Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, keeping on your feet. 坐下吧，埃玛。你老站着，只会弄得你更累。