做题请注意分清真假非谓语动词

做题请注意分清真假非谓语动词

有这样一道试题：

_______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.

A. Follow       B. Following       C. To follow      D. Followed

许多同学一看题目选项便想当然地认为，这是考查非谓语动词的用法区别，于是便在B、C、D三个选项上下工夫比较，但事实上，此题不是考查非谓语动词的，答案既不是B，也不是C，也不是D。

做对此题的关键是要注意句中的连词and，它表明整个句子是一个并列句，即 and 前后应各是一个独立的句子，而不应是一个非谓语形式的短语，所以此题的正确答案应选A，即 and 前是一个祈使句。请将此题与下面两题比较：

1. _______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.

A. Follow              B. Following         C. To follow          D. Followed

【分析】此题应选B，现在分词短语表条件(注意句中没有并列连词)。

2. _______ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.

A. Follow            B. Following       C. To follow          D. Followed

【分析】此题应选C，不定式短语表目的。

请做以下各题，它们是考查非谓语动词吗？答案是选A，还是B，或C，或D？

1. ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.

A. Drink                  B. To drink            C. Drinking               D. Having drunk

2. _____ me, and don’t just stand there laughing.

  A. Answer             B. To answer         C. Answering            D. To be answering

3. ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.

A. Watch                 B. Watching           C. To watch              D. Have watched

4. _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.

A. Look                  B. Looking             C. To look                D. Having looked

5. _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A. Leave                  B. Leaving             C. If you leave          D. When left

【分析】以上各题答案均选A，因为各题句中均有一个并列连词 and，即填空句为祈使句。

注意，有时可能不用连词，而用破折号，如以下两题答案均选B，填空句也为祈使句：

1. _____ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning                B. Turn                     C. Turned                 D. To turn  

2. _____ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.

A. Trying                  B. Try                      C. To try                   D. Having tried

请做以下各题，它们是考查非谓语动词吗？答案是选A，还是B，或C，或D？

1. ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.

A. Give                    B. To give                  C. Giving            D. Given

2. ______ left when you get to the end of the street.

A. Keep                    B. Keeping                 C. To keep               D. Kept

3. ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.

A. Put                    B. Putting                    C. To put               D. To be putting

4. ______ until the lights have turned to green.

A. Wait                   B. To wait                   C. Waiting               D. Having waited

5. ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.

A. Join                    B. To join                    C. Joining              D. Joined

【分析】以上各题答案均选A，原因是每句中均包括有从属连词(如 when, before, until 等)，即整个句子为一个主从复合句，而填空句仍为祈使句。

套用以上分析，请你做做以下试题：

1. Don’t give me a long account, just _____ me the plain facts.

A. tell                     B. telling                    C. to tell                  D. to be telling

2. First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.

A. prepare, cook                                     B. preparing, cooking

C. preparing, cook                                  D. prepare, cooking

3. Don’t waste your money on silly things — ______ it.

A. save                   B. to save                C. saving                  D. having saved

4. To test eggs, _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.

A. put                      B. putting                 C. to put                  D. to be putting

5. Before you send the letter, _____ with Bill to see if the address is right.

A. check                   B. to check               C. checking               D. checked

6. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.

A. Sleep                   B. To sleep               C. Sleeping               D. Having slept

7. _____ the early bus, Mr Smith got up at six.

A. Catch                   B. To catch              C. Catching               D. Having caught

8. Dear me! Just _____ at the time! I _____ no idea it was so late.

A. look, have         B. looking, had             C. look, had          D. looking, have

9. _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told                                 B. Though to be told

C. Having told                                        D. He was told

10. _____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told                                 B. Though he was told

C. To have been told                                D. He was told

【答案与解析】第1—5 题答案均选A，填空句均为祈使句。第6—7 题均选B，填空部分为不定式用作目的状语。第8题选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态。第9题选A，因为根据句意，he 与 tell 应是被动关系；另外，从时间上看，应该是“被告诉”在先，“没有理解”在后，故要用 having been told 这一现在分词的完成被动式。注意不能选D，因为 He was told 与 he still didn’t understand it 这两个简单句之间缺乏必要的衔接关系。第10题选D，句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句，同时表明 but 前应是一个完整的句子，而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(即不能选A或C)；又因为 though 为从属连词，用以引导让步状语从句，它与连接并列句的并列连词 but 不“兼容”，所以也不能选B。