英语中“动词+宾语+不定式”结构用法说明

英语中“动词+宾语+不定式”结构用法说明

“动词+宾语+不定式”是英语中一个十分有用的结构，不仅是考试中的重要考点，而且在口语中也用得非常广泛。可用于该结构的常用动词有 advise, allow, ask, bear, beg, cause, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, intend, invite, leave, like, mean, need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish 等。如：

I hate women to smoke. 我不喜欢女人抽烟。

The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.  医生建议我完全休息。

He didn’t allow the students to go there. 他没让学生们去那儿。

The cold weather caused the plants to die. 天气寒冷冻死了植物。

He ordered the work to be started at once. 他命令马上开始工作。

We expected him to arrive yesterday.  我们原认为他昨天会到的。

We invited him to take part in the celebration. 我们邀请他一起参加庆祝会。

The doctor warned him not to smoke. 医生告诫他不要抽烟。

My parents encouraged me to study abroad. 父母鼓励我出国留学。

They forced her to sign [into signing] the paper. 他们强迫她在文件上签字。

He persuaded his wife to change her mind. 他说服他妻子改变了主意。

值得注意的是，汉语中许多“……某人做某事”的情形不能想当然地用此结构来翻译，下面是一些典型的例子：

●汉语可说“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说 fear sb to do sth。如：

我害怕他会发现我们。

误：I fear him to find us.

正：I fear that he will find us.

●汉语可说“原谅某人做某事”，但英语不说 excuse [forgive] sb to do sth。如：

请原谅我没有早点给你回信。

误：Excuse me not to answer your letter earlier.

误：Excuse me not to have answered your letter earlier.

正：Excuse me for not answering your letter earlier.

正：Excuse me for not having answered your letter earlier.

正：Excuse my not answering your letter earlier.

正：Excuse my not having answered your letter earlier.

●汉语可说“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth。如：

他拒绝我使用他的自行车。

误：He refused me to use his bike.

正：He refused to let me use his bike.

正：He didn’t allow me to use his bike.

●汉语可说“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说 punish sb to do sth。如：

老师罚他扫地。

误：The teacher punished him to sweep the floor.

正：The teacher punished him by requiring him to sweep the floor.

●汉语可说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 suggest sb to do sth。如：

他妻子建议他戒烟。

误：His wife suggested him to give up smoking.

正：His wife suggested that he (should) give up smoking.

正：His wife suggested his [him] giving up smoking.

正：His wife advised him to give up smoking.

●汉语可说“同意某人做某事”，但英语不说 agree sb to do sth。如：

他们同意我做这事。

误：They agreed me to do it.

正：They agreed to let me do it.

正：They agreed to my doing it.

●汉语可说“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说 inform sb to do sth。如：

我已通知他们马上离开。

误：I've informed them to leave at once.    

正：I've told them to leave at once.

正：I've informed them that they must leave at once.

●汉语可说“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说 welcome sb to do sth。

欢迎你们来我们学校。

误：Welcome you to come to our school.

正：Welcome to our school.

让我们欢迎史密斯先生讲话。

误：Let’s welcome Mr Smith to speak.

正：Let’s welcome Mr Smith and ask him to speak.

●汉语可说“坚持某人做某事”，但英语不说 insist sb to do sth。如：

他坚持要我留在那儿。

误：He insisted me to stay there.

误：He insisted on me to stay there.

正：He insisted on my staying there.

正：He insisted that I (should) stay there.

●汉语可说“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说 hope sb to do sth。如：

他希望他所有的学生都能考上大学。

误：He hopes all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.

正：He hopes for all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.

正：He wishes all of his students to pass the college entrance examinations.

正：He hopes that all of his students can pass the college entrance examinations.

●汉语可说“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说 arrange sb to do sth。如：

我已安排他去参加会议。

误：I've arranged him to attend the meeting.

正：I've arranged for him to attend the meeting.

正：I've arranged that he (should) attend the meeting.

●汉语可说“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说 demand sb to do sth。如：

他要求我把一切都告诉他。

误：He demanded me to tell him everything.

正：He demanded of me to tell him everything.

正：He demanded that I should tell him everything.

●汉语可说“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说 thank sb to do sth。如：

感谢你的邀请。

误：Thank you to invite me.

正：Thank you for inviting me.

注：I'll thank you to do sth 可表示“求你做某事”、“你……好不好”(用作反语)。如：

I'll thank you to be quiet while I'm speaking. 我讲话时请你安静点好不好。

●汉语可说“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说 congratulate sb to do sth。如：

他写信祝贺她当选为劳模。

误：He wrote to congratulate her to be chosen as a modern worker.

正：He wrote to congratulate her on being chosen as a modern worker.