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it用法的五类易错点

2017-08-01来源:和谐英语

it用法的五类易错点

易错点一  混淆 it, its, it’s itself 的用法

从表面上看,it, its, itself 的区别是很明显的:it 是指示代词,its 是物主代词(或叫代词所有格),it’s 是it is或it has的缩略式,itself 是反身代词。但在实际应用中,许多同学却往往将它们混用,尤其是将 its 误用作 it’s,或是将 itself 为误用作 it。

【原创考题】根据句意和句子结构用所给词的适当形式(每空限一词):

1. The police gave back a stolen watch to ______ (it) owner after they caught the thief. (D105)

2. Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made ______ (it) almost an overcoat for her. (安徽卷)

解析:第1题填 its,its owner 指“被盗手表的主人”,不能用 it’s;第2题填 itself,因为根据英语语法,当动词的宾语与句子主语指同一人或同一事物时,用作宾语的代词应用反身代词,而不能用人称代词宾语。

 

易错点二  将形式主语(宾语)与指示代词混用

当句子主语是比较长的不定式、动名词或从句时,或当宾语后面接有宾语补足语且宾语是不定式、动名词或从句时,为避免“头重脚轻”,通常会把真正的主语或宾语移至句末,而在原主语或宾语位置使用形式主语或形式宾语。值得注意的是,形式主语或形式宾语只能用 it,不能代之以其他人称代词,这是许多同学经常弄混的地方。

【原创考题】根据句子句意和结构在空格处填上适当的词语(每空限一词):

1. ______ is unbelievable that our boss leads a simple life despite his great wealth.

2. Susan made ______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

解析:第1题填 It,句中的 that 引导的是一个主语从句,句首应用形式主语 it,注意不能填人称代词he,否则无法分析 that 从句在句子中的作用;第2句填 it,句中 that 引导的是宾语从句,由于该结构过长,故被置于句末,故原宾语位置要用形式宾语it。

 

易错点三  不清楚it在强调句式中的用法特点

强调句式的基本结构是“it is (was) +被强调部分+that (who)+其他”。该句式的一个重要特点是 it is…that…属于功能词,与句子结构无关,在分析时可以撇开不看。许多同学在运用此类句式时最可能的出错之处是将 it is (was) 误写成 he is (was), she is (was), we are (were) 等。

【原创考题】根据句子句意和结构在空格处填上适当的词语(每空限一词):

1. ______ doesn’t matter whether you win or lose—______ is taking part that’s important.

2. ______ was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important.

解析:第1题分别填It和it,第一空的it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的whether从句;第二空填 it,这是强调句式,如果撇开功能词 it is…that…不看,该句的非强调形式为 Taking part is important。第2题填 It,本题也是强调句式,被强调部分为时间状语从句after he got what he had desired。

另外,强调句与其他句式的综合运用也是许多同学容易出错之处,如强调句式与 not…until…句式综合,强调句式与 not…but…句式综合,强调句式与 rather than 结构综合,等等。

【原创考题】根据句子句意和结构在空格处填上适当的词语(每空限一词):

1. ______ is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.

2. ______ is the protection for the trees that really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.

3. ______ was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.

解析:第1题填It,本题考查强调句式与not…but…的综合;第2题填It,本题考查强调句式与 rather t than 的综合;第3题填It,本题考查强调句式与not…until…的综合。

 

易错点四  漏用like it when (if)类句式中的it

英语中表示“喜欢”和“不喜欢”的动词 appreciate, like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, dislike 等,当后接if从句或when从句时,习惯上要在从句前加上it——这个it不仅不能省略,而且不能用 him, her, me, us, them 等宾格人称代词替换。

【原创考题】根据句子句意和结构在空格处填上适当的词语(每空限一词):

1. I’d appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

2. I dislike ______ when the people behind me at the cinema start whispering.

3. I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate ______ if it’s not clean.

4. I don’t like ______ when you make free with my bike. You should at least ask when you want to borrow it.

解析:四道题均填 it,注意空格前的动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like 以及空格后 if 和when 引导的从句。注意不要受从句主语的影响而误填 you, them 等代词。

 

易错点五  因未弄清固定搭配或特殊句式而用误用it

英语中含有it的固定搭配或特殊句式很多,但考纲中真正要求掌握的并不多。请做做以下试题,自测一下看看你对此掌握得怎么样!

【原创考题】根据句子句意和结构在空格处填上适当的词语(每空限一词):

1. The train won’t leave for another ten minutes, so I think we can make ______.

2. If ______ were not for the fact that she can’t sing, I would invite her to the party.

3. ______ is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.

4. Fortunately ______ happened that there was no one in the house at the time of the explosion.

解析:第1题填 it,make it 为固定搭配,在此表示“及时赶上”;第2题填 it,If it were not for…为引出虚拟条件语气的固定句式,意思是“要不是因为……”;第3题填 It,本题考查 It is the first (second, third…) time that…句式;第4题填 it,本题考查 it happened that…(碰巧……)句式。

【原创模拟】根据句子句意和结构在空格处填上适当的词语(每空限一词):

1. “Who’s that at the door?” “______ is the milkman.”

2. When ______ comes to speaking in public, no one can match him.

3. The story teaches us that history often repeat ______.

4. ______ was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food.

5. Nowadays people find ______ convenient to be able to do their banking by phone.

6. Was ______ because Jack came late for school that Mr. Smith got angry?

7. The high cost of childcare made ______ impossible for mothers to return to work economically.

8. ______ happened, whether by accident or design, that Steve and I were the last two people to leave.

9. ______ was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

10. I hate ______ when you’re left alone at a party with a complete stranger and you’ve got to make conversation.

参考答案:除第3题填 itself 外,其余均填 it(若位于首,则填It)。