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it用法大归纳

2017-08-01来源:和谐英语

it用法大归纳

1. 有时可用来指人,但主要限于指性别不明的婴儿或指身份不明的人。如:

They got a baby and it was very lovely. 他们生了个孩子,很可爱。

Someone is knocking at the door. It must be Jim. 有人在敲门,一定是吉姆。

下面这样的句子也用 it 指人。如:

A:Who is it? 是谁呀?

B:It’s me, Mary. 是我玛丽呀。

2. 用于强调句型:It is (was) …that (who) …。如:

He bought a shirt at this shop yesterday. 昨天他在这家商店买了一件衬衫。

下面4句分别对上句主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语的强调:

It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.

It was a shirt that he bought at this shop yesterday.

It was at this shop that he bought a shirt yesterday.

It was yesterday that he bought a shirt at this shop.

3. 用作形式主语或形式宾语:

(1) 当不定式、动名词、从句等结构用作主语时,为了避免“头重脚轻”,往往用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如:

It’s no use talking about it now. 现在谈这事没有用。

It’s important to know your own limitations. 知道自己的局限性是重要的。

It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。

(2) 当不定式、动名词、从句等结构用作宾语时,若其后跟有宾语补足语,则往往使用 it作形式宾语,而把真正主语放在句末。如:

I find it easy enough to get on with Pam. 我觉得与帕姆相处很容易。

I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 我肯定你会住在我们这里的。

4. 某些及物动词(如 like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate等)之后若没有出现宾语,而直接跟 if/when 引导的状语从句,要在从句前使用代词 it。如:

I like [love] it when you sing. 我喜欢听你唱歌。

I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。

I hate it when Jane cuts up in class. 我讨厌简课堂上插嘴。

I’d appreciate it if you could drop in tonight. 你今晚来一趟我会很感激。

I should prefer it if you did not go there alone. 我倒希望你不要一个人去那里。

5. 在某些特殊表达中的使用。如:

It seems that John dislikes his boss. 约翰似乎不喜欢他的老板。

It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 恰好那年收成不好。

It doesn’t matter if you can’t find her. 如果你找不到她,也没有关系。