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英语典型语法错误100例(7)

2017-09-14来源:和谐英语

英语典型语法错误100例(7

61. 他们都坚持说是这个男孩偷了钱。

误:They insisted that the boy should steal the money.

正:They insisted that the boy had stolen the money.

析:insist后接 that 从句时,可用陈述语气或虚拟语气,其区别是:若表示“坚持要”“一定要”,从句所指的内容是一种尚未成为事实的想法,此时从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气(即用should+动词原形);若表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”,从句内容指的是一种既成的事实或完全能成为事实的决心等,此时从句谓语要用陈述语气,如:The doctor insisted that he (should) take the medicine, but he insisted that he was not ill. 医生坚持要他服此药,但他坚持说他没有病。

62. 他因犯谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。

误:He was hung for murder.

正:He was hanged for murder.

析:hang 表示“悬挂”时为不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词是 hung;表示“吊死”“绞死”时为规则动词,过去式和过去分词是 hanged。

63. 这本书对小孩来说不属健康读物。

误:The book is not healthful reading for children.

正:The book is not healthy reading for children.

析:healthy 和 healthful 都可表示“有益于健康的”,但是有时我们说的“健康”,不是针对本义而言的,而是用于其引申义,此时应用 healthy 而不用 healthful。

64. 他们根本没有希望成功。

误:They have no hope to succeed.

正:They have no hope of succeeding [success].

析:hope(希望)用作名词时,其后通常不能接不定式作定语,遇此情况可改用 of (doing) sth。又如:I have no hope of going. 我没有希望去。

65. 不管航程多么短,这一班机上都有些吃的。

误:However short is the journey, you always get something to eat on this airline.

正:However short the journey is, you always get something to eat on this airline.

析:however 表示“无论如何”“不管怎样”时,大致相当于no matter how,用以修饰形容词或副词,其词序为:however + 形容词或副词+主语+谓语。又如:Phone me when you arrive,however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话,不论多么晚也要打。

66. 她对他刻薄的话感到很伤心。

误:She was seriously hurt by his unkind words.

正:She was deeply hurt by his unkind words.(http://ask.hxen.net/)

析:hurt 既可以表示身体上的“受伤”“疼痛”,也可表示感情上的“伤害”。表示前者通常用 badly, bitterly, seriously, slightly 等副词修饰;表示后者通常用very (much), deeply, rather, greatly 等副词修饰。

67. 是谁最先想到在这里建核能电厂的

误:Who first think of the idea to build a nuclear power plant here?

正:Who first think of the idea of building a nuclear power plant here?

析:表示做某事的想法,the idea 后通常不接不定式,而接of doing sth。又如:The idea of not having to get up early every morning is not quite practical. 不必每天早起的想法不很现实。注:the idea 后不接不定式,但是可接“疑问词+不定式”,如:I had no idea what to say to her. 我不知道对她说什么。类似的用法还有:habit of doing sth 做某事的习惯,method of doing sth 做某事的方法,possibility of doing sth 做某事的可能性,hope of doing sth 做某事的希望。

68. 人口在过去25年内增加了200%

误:Population has increased to 200% in the past 25 years.

正:Population has increased by 200% in the past 25 years.

析:表示增加了多少,动词increase 后接介词 by;表示增加到多少,后接介词 to。如:It has increased by 20 percent in price. 它的价格已上涨20%。  His salary has been increased to $3000. 他的工资已增加到3000美元。

69. 他坚持要回到工作岗位,不再住医院。

误:He insisted going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

误:He insisted to go back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

正:He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.

析:insist(坚持)后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,遇此情况应用 insist on [upon] doing sth。记住:insist 通常是个不及物动词,若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词 on, upon;有时它也用作及物动词,但其宾语通常只能是 that 从句,而不能是其他成分。顺便说一句,要表示坚持要某人做某事,不能用于insist sb to do sth,而用insist on sb’s doing sth:He insisted on my staying there. 他坚持要我留在那儿。

70. 我早上一到六点就醒,这习惯改不掉了。

误:I can’t get out of the habit to wake at six in the morning.

正:I can’t get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.(www.hxen.net)

析:表示做某事的习惯,英语习惯上用the habit of doing sth,而不用 the habit to do sth。注意,下面一句habit后用了不定式,但它不是修饰habit的定语,而是句子的主语:It is my habit to get up early every morning.每天早起是我的习惯。