重点中学英语语法讲义-虚拟语气

(2) 省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be。若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：

If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)

(3) 省略“it+be”：

If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去你。(=If it is necessary...) 

(4) 省略整个条件从句。这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：

I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.)

三、七类使用虚拟语气的常见从句

1. wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语式

要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形：

I wish I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。

She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。

I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。

注：从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较：

I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。

I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。

I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。

I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。

2. if only的句子后用虚拟语气

if only 与 I wish一样，也是表示与事实相反的愿望的，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：

If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

注：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

3. as if (as though) 从句中的虚拟语气

以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形：

He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger.  他们待我如陌生人。

He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注：(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：

It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。

This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。

在现代英语中，有时即使从句内容不是事实，也可能用陈述语气：

I feel as if [as though] I’m floating on air. 他感到好像漂浮在空中。

The stuffed dog barked as if it is [were, was] a real one. 玩具狗叫起来像真狗。

(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：

It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

It isn’t as if you were going away for good. 又不是你离开不回来了。