重点中学英语语法讲义-虚拟语气
4. It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”:
I think it’s time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。
It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
注:(1) time前有时有about和high修饰:
It’s high time you bought a new car. 你该买辆新车了。
(2) 与其他的虚拟结构不同,该结构不能在该用was时而用were:
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
5. would rather后的句子用虚拟语气
通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表过去的愿望:
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
6. 某些用虚拟语气的宾语从句
在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词有人归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order, command)、三个建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”,这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略:
He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
The doctor advised [suggested] that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。
注:(1) 其中引导宾语从句的that通常不省略。
(2) 这类句子有时可用于被动结构,前面用先行词it作主语,代表后面的从句:
It was proposed that this matter be discussed next time. 有人提议这事下次再讨论。
(3) 动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较(www.hxen.net):
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
(4) 与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会:
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
(5) 以上动词用作名词或派生出的名词时,相应的主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句也用虚拟语气:
His demand is that we (should) set off at once. 他要求我们马上出发。
He made the demand that we (should) set off at once. 他要求我们马上出发。
(6) 在现代英语中,以上动词(包括其名词形式以及其派生名词)有时也可不用虚拟语气(但初学者宜慎用):
Her suggestion was we had our conversation in French. 她的建议是我们用法语交谈。
He said that he would not be long and suggested that we waited for him. 他说他不会去很久,并建议我们等他。
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