重点中学英语语法讲义-主谓一致
2. all 作主语
若指人,谓语通常用复数;若指事物或现象,谓语通常用单数:
All have gone home. 大家都走了。
All that glitters is not gold. 发亮的不一定都是金子。
比较:All is silent. 万籁俱寂。(指现象)
All are silent. 人人都沉默不语。(指具体的人)
注:若是“all of+名词”作主语,则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。
3. either和neither作主语
若是单独作主语,谓语动词用单数:
Neither was satisfactory. 两个都不令人满意。
The two guests have arrived, and either is welcome. 两位客人都到了,哪一位都受欢迎。
注:若是“either [neither] of+名词”作主语,则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体):
Neither of the two computers is [are] cheap. 这两台电脑都不便宜。
Is [Are] either of the boys ready? 两个男孩都准备好了吗?
I don’t think either of them is [are] at home. 我想他们俩个都会不在家。
4. each作主语或修饰主语
单独用作主语(或修饰主语),谓语用单数
Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。
Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. 两个男孩进来,每人提着一只箱子。
注:(1) 两个或多个“each+单数名词”结构并列作主语时, 谓语用单数。
(2) “each of+复数名词或代词”用作主语, 谓语一般要用单数
Each of them was deeply frightened. 他们个个都惊恐万分。
但是在非正式文体中(尤其是当 each of之后的名词较长时)偶尔也可用复数谓语,但很少见,学生宜慎用。
5. none (of) 作主语
若指不可数名词,谓语用单数;若指复数可数名词,谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体):
None of the money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。
None of the boys like [likes] it. 这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。
6. 关于“one of+复数名词+定语从句”
在这一结构中,定语从句的谓语用复数取决于先行词是one还是其后的复数名词。 一般说来,在这类结构中,复数名词通常被认为是先行词(即定语从句谓语用复数),除非one of前有the (only) 修饰(此时定语从句的谓语用单数):
He is one of the people who were killed in the accident. 他是事故中丧命的人之一。
He is the only one of the people who was killed in the accident. 他是事故中唯一丧命的人。
七、其他问题
1.“many a +名词”和“more than one +名词”作主语
谓语动词的数通常用单数(即遵循语法一致的原则):
Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。
More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。
2. each 用于复数名词后作同位语
此时谓语动词用复数(www.hxen.net):
They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。
The young people each carry a big bag. 这些年轻人个个背着一个大袋子。
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