初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(10)
有时后接动词完成进行式, 表示“一定(一直)在……”:
Someone must have been using it. The cover is off. 准是一直有人在用它, 盖子都取下来了。
9. must与have to用法区别
I haven’t got enough money to buy a ticket, so I ______ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. ought to D. may
此题应选B。从句意上看, 只能选A, B。关于must 和haveto 表示“必须”时的区别, 注意以下几点:
1. 强调重点不同:must强调主观;而have to强调客观:
You must go now. (I want you to go now). 你必须现在就走(有“我要你现在走”之意)。
If I buy that car, I’ll have to borrow some money. 如果我要买那辆汽车, 我得借些钱。
2. 时态形式不同:一般说来, must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可表示过去), 而have to则有多种时态形式:
He said (that) she must go with me. 他说她一定要同我一起去。
She had to go there on foot yesterday. 昨天她不得不步行去那儿。
He has had to buy a car. 他不得不买了辆小汽车(www.hxen.net)。
3. have to可以有分词、动名词、不定式等非谓语形式, 而must则没有这些形式:
He only saw her in the evening, having to be awayall day. 他因整天得外出, 所以只能晚上见她。
I regret to have to trouble you again. 我很抱歉不得不再麻烦你一次。
4. 否定式的意义不同:must 的否定式mustn’t意为“不准”、“不允许”;而 have to的否定式 don’t have to意为“不必”(=needn’t)。
10. 你知道need的这些用法吗
I got up early, but I ______ so, because I had no work to do that morning.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. didn’t need do D. didn’t need to do
此题应选B。为了弄清此题, 首先我们要知道need有情态动词和实义动词两种用法。一般说来, 这两种用法在意思上没有什么差别, 只是用法差别较大:
他必须去那儿吗?
正:Need he go there? (need为情态动词)
正:Does he need to go there? (need为实义动词)
但有时候两种用法在意思上也有较大差别:
1. a. He needn’t be told. 没有必要告诉他。
b. He doesn’t need to be told. 不需要告诉他了。 (即:他已知道了)
2. didn’t need to do / needn’t have done:前者表示因为没有做某事的必要, 所以没有去做;后者表示某事已经做了, 但后来觉得没有必要去做, 含有责备或遗憾之味:
I didn’t need to get up early this morning, so Istayed in bed until
That computer was expensive, and what’s more, I didn’t need to buy such a good one. 那台电脑很贵, 况且我也没有必要买那样好一台电脑。
I was the first to get there. I needn’t have gonethere so early. 我是第一个到那儿的人, 我本来不必去那么早的。
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