初级英语语法重点、考点与难点(09)
你的头发需要理了。
a. Your hair wants cutting.
b. Your hair wants to be cut.
这房子需要刷漆了。
a. The house requires painting.
b. The house requires to be painted.
但是在其它情况下,则用主动式或被动式不能随便:
这部电影值得看两遍。
正:The film is worth seeing twice.
误:The film is worth to be seen twice.
误:The film is worth being seen twice.
这本书很难理解。
正:The book is difficult to understand.
误:The book is difficult to be understood.
10. 介词but后的动词带不带to主要看前面有没有do
He did nothing but ______ a letter.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. to have written
此题应选A。一般说来, 介词后接动词通常应是动名词。但是介词but(except也一样)却比较特殊, 其后接动词时, 可以接不定式, 并且这个不定式可以带to也可以不带to:
1. 当其前的谓语含有实义动词do(可以是各种形式)时, 其后的不定式通常不带to:
She will do anything but play chess. 她除了下棋外什么都愿干。
He did nothing all day except watch TV. 他一整天除了看电视什么也没做。
2. 当其前的谓语没有某种形式的实义动词do时,其后的不定式通常要带to:
They had no choice but to obey. 他们别无选择只有服从。
He wanted nothing but to stay here. 他除了想呆在这里外, 其它什么也不想。
3. 当其前含有实义动词do但不是用作谓语时, 其后的不定式带不带to均可, 但以不带to为多见:
There’s nothing to do but (to) leave. 只好离开。
There was nothing to do but (to) wait. 除了等没有其它的办法。
4. 在cannot (help) but后习惯上接不带to的不定式(www.hxen.net):
I cannot (help) but admire his courage. 我不得不佩服他的勇气。
11. “have+宾语+动词”结构详解
It was cold. He had the fire ______ all night.
A. burn B. to burn C. burning D. to burning
此题应选C。有关have的以下几个结构须注意:
1. have+宾语+动词原形, 表示“叫某人做某事”, 是使役动词;有时用于否定句, 表示“不能让”, 多与won’t连用:
I’ll have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。
I won’t have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。
2. have+宾语+现在分词。表示使某人或某物一直处于做某事的状态当中;有时用于否定句, 表示“不允许”, 一般与won’t, can’t 连用:
He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。
I won’t have you smoking at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。
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