名师详解语法易错题（01）

10. That day Mr Smith got up late, so he ran as fast as he could _________ the early bus.

A. catch                   B. to catch  C. catching  D. caught

【分析】此题容易误选A，认为情态动词后只能接动词原形。但是，错了，正确的答案是B。其实情态动词 could 后本来有动词原形 run，只是被省略了，即此句的完整形式应是 …so he ran as fast as he could run to catch the early bus，其中的不定式 to catch the early bus 为目的状语。又如：

(1) My parents did what they could _________ my aunt and uncle.

A. help                     B. to help                  C. helping                 D. helped

(2) He read what he could _________ his knowledge.

A. widen                   B. to widen               C. widening              D. widened

以上两题均选B，即选不定式，且此不定式为目的状语。但是，同学们若据此形成思维定势，也会麻烦。为此，请再看两题：

(1) He ran as fast as he could _________to catch the bus.

A. hope                    B. to hope                 C. hoping                  D. hoped

【分析】此题的最佳答案不是B，而是C，其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the bus 用作伴随状语，即一边跑一边在希望能赶上早班车。

(2) He spent every minute he could _________ foreign languages.

A. study                   B. to study                C. studying               D. studied

【分析】此题也应选C，但是，它与上题选现在分词 hoping 表伴随有所不同，此题的 studying 其实与其前的动词 spend 有关，即此句中的 studying 为动名词，其前省略了介词 in。注意spend 的句型：spend + 时间或金钱 + (in) doing sth。

11. _________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It                        B. As                       C. That                    D. What

【分析】此题很容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语，况且 It is (well) known to…也是一个常用句型，读起来也很上口，其实选错了。同学们仔细想想看，假若选 A，空格处填一个形式主语(it)，那么其后就应有一个真正的主语，而事实上没有。但是若句中的逗号改成 that，则只能选 A，因为这样一来，that 便成为一个引导主语从句的引导词。此题的最佳答案是 B，as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，可置于主句前(常译为“正如”)或主句后(常译为“这一点”)，句意为“正如大家所知，月球每月绕地球转一周”。

12. He is always really rude, _________ is why people tend to avoid him.

A. that                     B. it                         C. this                     D. which

【分析】此题容易误选 A，因为 that’s why…是一个常用结构，同学们极易受此影响而选错，当然若此句的空格前有连词 and 或其前的逗号改为分号，则完全可选that（分别构成并列句或两个独立的简单句）。此题的最佳答案是 D，句子后半部为一个非限制性定语从句，which 指 He is always really rude. 另外请比较以下两题（注意连词的有无）：

(1) He had a lot of friends, none of _________ could lend him any money. （选A）

(2) He had a lot of friends, but none of _________ could lend him any money. （选B）

A. whom                  B. them                    C. which                  D. who

13. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _________ translated into a foreign language.

A. them                   B. which                   C. it                         D. what

同学们看了上面一题的分析后，也许会毫不犹豫地认为此题应选 B，理由是none前没有并列连词 and 或 but，其实这次又错了。此题的最佳选项应是A，注意此句与上面一句有着本质的不同，即此句的 translated 不是谓语，而是一个非谓语动词（过去分词），所以逗号后面其实不是一个完整的句子，而是一个独立结构。假若在 translated 前加一个助动词 was，则此题应选 B(which)，构成一个非限制性定语从句。所以做这类题要特别小心，千万不要想当然，更不要受定势思维的影响。又如：

(1) I met several people there, two of _________ were foreigners. （选A）

(2) I met several people there, two of _________ being foreigners. （选B）

A. whom                  B. them                    C. who                     D. which