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hand的用法、语法和惯用法

2016-05-22来源:和谐英语

hand的用法、语法和惯用法

1. 用作名词,本义为“手”,可引申指“人手”等。如:

We are short of hands. 我们缺乏人手。

Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。

She was an old hand at diving. 她是潜水老手。

She was a capital hand at embroidery. 她是绣花好手。

Can you give [lend] me a hand? 你帮一下忙好吗?

2. 汉语说“握手”,英语通常用 shake hands (with) 或 shake one’s hand(注意单复数的使用)。如:

He shook hands warmly with me.= He shook my hand warmly. 他同我热情握手。

有时也说 shake sb by the hand。如:

He came forward and shook me warmly by the hand. 他走向前来,热情地和我握手。

注意,不要按汉语字面意思将“握手”直译为 hold hands(该搭配指手搀手,尤指互相爱慕地),hold sb’s hand(该搭配指给某人以手把手的指导或支持,或帮助克服困难等)。

3. 汉语说“举手”,一是指表示同意或准备提问或回答问题(举一只手),二是命令对方举双手(如表示投降等),两种情况下英语通常都用 hands up。如:

Hands up, those who know the answer. 知道答案的请举手。

Hands up and drop your arms. 举起手来,把枪放下。

有时也用其他表达。如:

Put up your hand(s) if you have any questions. 有问题请举手。

4. 用作动词,表示“递给”,可带双宾语,若双宾语易位时,通常用介词 to。如:

Please hand me the dictionary.=Please the dictionary tome. 请把词典递给我。

He handed her his drink.=He handed his drink to her. 他把他的饮料递给她。

5. by hand与with one’s hand(s) 意思不同:

(1) by hand 是固定短语,有两个意思:一是指“用手工”(而不是用机器或其他手段);二是指信件之类的东西由专人递送(而不是通常邮寄等)。如:

The letter was written by hand. 这封信是用手写的(即不是打印的)。

I don’t think these shoes are made by hand. 我想这些鞋不是手工做的吧(即是机器做的)。

Did the letter come by hand or through the post? 这封信是专人送来的还是邮寄来的?

(2) with one’s hand(s) 不是固定短语(即是自由短语),只表示一般意义的“用手”(而不是用口,用脚,用眼睛等)。如:

We work with our hands. 我们用手工作。

He hit me with his hand. 他用手打了我。