from…to…类介词结构用法归纳

3. 连用名词时是否用冠词

当from…to…用于连接两个名词时，有时名词前需带有冠词，有时不用，情形比较复杂，大致遵循的原则如下：

(1) 若所搭配的名词意思比较具体，是在谈论特定场合的具体人或事物，则通常要用冠词。如：

The book fell from the table to the floor. 书从桌上掉到地板上。

The scene cuts from the shop to the street. 镜头从商店转换到街道。

A bus transported us from the airport to the city. 一辆公共汽车把我们从机场送到市区。

(2) 若所搭配的名词意思比较抽象，只是在谈论一般概念或一般规律等，则不用冠词。比较：

This skill wasn’t handed down from the father to the son. 这项技术并没有从父亲传给儿子。

These skills used to be handed down from father to son. 这些技术以往都是父子相传。

It is not far from the house he lived in to the house I lived in. 从他居住的房子到我居住的房子并不远。

She went from house to house asking if anyone had seen the child. 她一家家去问是否有人见过这个小孩子。

(3) 但有时用不用冠词，与说话人的侧重点有关。比较并体会：

Then we transferredfrom a bus to a tram. 然后我们从公共汽车换成电车。

This is where we change from car to bus. 这就是我们从小汽车换乘公共汽车的地方。

(4) 在由from…to…构成的习语中，名词前通常是不用冠词的（见后面有关习语的用法归纳）。如：

He works from dawn till dusk. 他从天亮工作到天黑。

From time to time I still think of her. 我仍然不时地想起她。

He knows the subject from beginning to end. 这个专题他了如指掌。

The children were covered in mud from head to toe. 孩子们全身沾满了污泥。

She went from house to house asking if anyone had seen the child. 她一家家去问是否有人见过这个小孩子。

但也有些习语，用不用冠词均可以，如from (the) cradle to (the) grave（一辈子，从生到死）。如：

From (the) cradle to (the) grave, the car marks every rite of American passage. 在美国人的一生中，每一个重要阶段都有汽车的影子。

4. 关于与动名词的搭配

from…to…结构除通常与名词、代词、数词等搭配外，有时还可与动名词搭配。如：

He made a switch from publishing to teaching. 他由出版工作改做教学工作。

We are trying to shift the emphasis from curing illness to preventing it. 我们正在努力把工作重点从治疗疾病转为预防疾病。

He’s changed from being cynical about politics to being very interested in it. 他改变了对政治怀悲观的态度，而对其颇感兴趣。

注意，以下句子中的from…to…结构中，to为不定式符号，用于构成不定式表示结果或目的等。如：

She rose from her seat to protest. 她从座位上站起来提出抗议。

He rose from the ranks to become an officer. 他由士兵升为军官。

He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他从桥上跳入水中去抢救那溺水儿童。

People came from far and near to hear the famous violinist. 人们从四面八方赶来听这位著名小提琴家的演奏。